Chapter 13

made up of cells and plasma

1. cells - 45%

2. plasma - 55%

the portion of blood that consists of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

the portion of blood made up of water, sugar, proteins, salts, hormones, lipids, and vitamins

blood types

universal donor

universal recipient

root for color

root for clotting

root for red

roots for blood

root for same, equal

root for bone marrow

root for varied, irregular (usually shape)

root for iron

root for round, globe

root for clot

suffix for removal, carrying away

suffix for immature cell

suffix for abnormal condition

suffix for protein

suffix for pertaining to the destruction of

suffix for deficiency

suffix for attraction for

suffix for carrying transmission

protein that stimulates the growth of WBCs

method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

removal of plasma from blood by centrifuge (the collected cells are transfused back into the donor)

1. erythroblast -> reticulocyte -> erythrocyte

2. Have a biconcanve shape with a central depression

3. Life span of 120 days

deficiency in erythrocytes/hemoglobin

an anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements

lack of peripheral blood elements (not the anemia)

general term covering a large group of anemias, in which there is a shortened life span of the RBCs (usually due to destruction)

a hemolytic anemia that is usually caused by blood group incompatibility between the mother and the baby

abnormal RBC membrane hemolytic anemias

abnormal hemoglobin hemolytic anemia

oxygen carrying molecule that fills the RBC

an anemia that results in the formation of spherocytes

RBCs that are almost spherical in shape and have no area of central pallor like a normal RBC

an inherited hemoglobinopathy that is characterized by the irreversibly crescent or sickle-shaped RBCs, increased hemolysis, painful crisis, and increased susceptibility to infections

a group of inherited disorders that affect the synthesis of hemoglobin, resulting in hypochromic and microcytic RBCs

thalassemia caused by a deficient synthesis of beta globin. Requires transfusion therapy to sustain life

thalassemia caused by a deficient synthesis of alpha globin

a megaloblastic anemia caused by the lack of intrinsic factor (responsible for the absorption of B12) from the parietal cells in the gastric mucosa

a vitamin necessary for the proper development and maturation of erythrocytes

a megaloblastic anemia produced by the deficiency of folic acid

a nutrient that is essential for DNA synthesis and is mainly present in fruits and vegetables

a hypochromic and microcytic anemia that is caused by an underlying condition. The microcytic RBCs are all a different size (anisocytosis). It is the most common type of anemia world wide.

genetic condition causing excessive deposits of iron throughout the body, resulting in iron overload

the general increase in RBCs (generally also results in the increase of leukocytes and platelets)

the term used to describe the general increase in RBCs

inherited bleeding disorder secondary to clotting factor deficiency

hemophilia caused by the deficiency of factor VII

hemophilia caused by the deficiency of factor IX

hemophilia caused by the deficiency of Von Willibrand's factor

bleeding under the skin, resulting in multiple pinpoint hemorrages and the accumulation of blood under the skin (petechiae and ecchymosis)

tiny, pinpoint flat spots of blood appearing on the skin

a large bruise

a decrease in platelets after infection (<100,000) that can lead to brusiing, bleeding gums, GI bleeds, gyn bleeding, and a prolonged bleeding time

a cancer involving WBCs, resulting in immature blood cells in the bone marrow and peripheral circulation, producing an array of neoplastic disorders

leukemia resulting in the predominance of lymphocytes

leukemia resulting in the predominance of myeloid cells

most common form of leukemia, often found in the elderly

the leukemia most often seen in children

an abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood

a type of granulocytosis resulting in the increase of eosinophils. Seen with allergic conditions

a type of granulocytosis resulting in the increase basophils. Seen with types of leukemia

an acute, self-limited infection that occurs mainly in adolescents. Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and is transmitted mainly through saliva

the malignant tumor of the bone, resulting in a tumor of plasma cells

Plasma proteins in the urine. A classic sign of multiple myeloma.

a test that detects antigen-antibody complexes on the RBC membrane in vivo as well as RBC sensitization

measures the primary phase of hemostasis (the interaction of the platelet with the blood vessel wall and the formation of a hemostatic pluc)

time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube

a test that measures the contents of the blood

the rate at which erythrocytes settle out of the anticoagulated blood in 1 hour

occurs when the erythrocytes clump or aggregate together in a column-like manner (rouleaux formation)

test that indirectly measures the RBC mass. The results are expressed as a percentage by volume of packed RBCs in the whole blood

the main component of erythrocytes that serves as a vehicle for the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide

measure the amount of platelets in the blood

the smallest of the formed elements in the blood

a one-stage clotting test that screens for coagulation disorders. It can deficiencies of the intrinsic thromboplastin system and also reveals defects in the extrinsic coagulation mechanism pathway. Used to monitor heparin

tests the ability of the blood to clot. Used to evaluate therapy with coumadin

a protein produced by the liver for the clotting of blood. During the clotting process, it is converted to thrombin.