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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Palate
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-- Forms posterior portion of oral cavity
-- Anterior portion formed by maxilla and palatine bones |
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Tonsils
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-- Comprised of lymphatic tissue
-- Help trap bacteria |
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Thyroid Cartilage
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most obvious external landmark of larynx
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Cricothyroid Membrane
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-- ligament between the thyroid and cricoid cartilage
-- relatively avascular, covered by skin and minimal subcutaneous tissue |
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Arytenoid Cartilages
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-- Pyramid like structures
-- Posterior attachment of the vocal cords |
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Piriform Fossae
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-- Two pockets of tissue
-- On lateral borders of larynx -- Airway devices are occasionally inadvertently inserted into these pockets, resulting in tenting of the skin under the jaw |
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Trachea and mainstem bronchi are lined with
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-- Goblet Cells
produce mucous -- CILIA hairs -- BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS stimulating causes bronchodilation |
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Bronchi
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-- Subdivide into bronchioles
-- Made of smooth muscle -- Lined with beta 2 Adrenergic receptors -- Can dilate or constrict in response to various stimuli |
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Atelectasis
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caused by a deficiency of surfactant in alveoli
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Tidal Volume
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amount of air moved in or out of the respiratory tract during 1 breath
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Minute Volume
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amount of air moved through the respiratory tract in 1 minute
(Vm = Vt x RR) |
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Alveolar Minute Volume
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Volume of air that reaches alveoli in one minute
( aVm = (Vt - 150) x RR ) |
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Feedback Loop
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Herring-Breuer Reflex
- Terminates inhalation and prevents lung over expansion |
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Central Chemoreceptors
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-- Monitor pH of the CSF
if ph increases ventilations decrease if ph decreases ventilations increase |
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Dorsal Respiratory Group
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initiates inspiration based on info from chemoreceptors
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Causes of increased ventilatory rate
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-- Fever
-- Stimulant meds such as amphetamines -- Pain, strong emotions -- Increased metabolic rate -- Hypoxia, acidosis |
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Oxygen Rates
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NC: 2-6 lpm 24-44 %
NRB: 10 - 15 lpm 90 % Mask: 15 lpm 50 - 55 % BVM: 15 lmp. 98 - 100 % |
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External Respiration
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Exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and blood in pulmonary capillaries
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Internal Respiration
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Exchange of O2 and CO2 between systemic circulation and cells
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Hypoxia
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Tissues and cells don't receive enough oxygen
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