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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
aneuploidy
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A chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number.
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Barr body
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A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in cells of female mammals, representing a highly condensed, inactivated X chromosome.
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chromosome theory of inheritance
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A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns
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crossing over
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The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis.
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cytogenetic map
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A chart of a chromosome that locates genes with respect to chromosomal features distinguishable in a microscope.
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dendrite
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One of usually numerous, short, highly branched extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons.
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Down Syndrome
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A human genetic disease caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21; characterized by mental retardation and heart and respiratory defects.
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.
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duplication
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An aberration in chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is duplicated.
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genetic map
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An ordered list of genetic loci (genes or other genetic markers) along a chromosome.
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genetic recombination
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General term for the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.
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genomic imprinting
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A phenomenon in which expression of an allele in offspring depends on whether the allele is inherited from the male or female parent.
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hemophilia
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A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele resulting in the absence of one of more blood-clotting proteins; characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.
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inversion
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An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from reattachment of a chromosomal fragment in a reverse orientation to the chromosome from which it originated.
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linkage map
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A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes.
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linked genes
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Genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together.
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map unit
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A unit of measurement of the distance between genes. One map unit is equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency.
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monosomic
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Referring to a cell that has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two.
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nondisjunction
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An error in meiosis or mitosis in which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate properly from each other.
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parental type
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An offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes; also refers to the phenotype itself.
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polyploidy
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A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. It is the result of an accident of cell division.
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sex-linked gene
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A gene located on a sex chromosome (usually the X), resulting in a distinctive pattern of inheritance.
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translocation
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a) An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a nonhomologous chromosome. 2) During protein synthesis, the 3rd stage in the elongation cycle when the RNA carrying the growing polypeptide moves from the A site to the P site on the ribosome. 3) The transport of organic nutrients in the phloem of vascular plants.
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trisomic
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Referring to a diploid cell that has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two.
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wild type
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An individual with the phenotype most commonly observed in natural populations; also refers to the phenotype itself.
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