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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Evolution |
process of change over time |
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What is the order of the classification system including seven hierarchiacal? |
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
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What are the six kingdoms in order from OLDEST to YOUNGEST? |
Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia |
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Speciation |
the formation of a new species |
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What causes the need for speciation? |
when populations become reproductively isolated, plus speciation is purposed for one species to divide or give rise to new species. |
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How old is the earth? |
4.5 billion years |
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phylogeny |
the study of how living and extinct organisms are related to one another |
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Whats the goal of phylogenetic systematics? |
is to group species into larger categories that reflect lines of evolutionary descent, rather than overall similarities and differences |
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cladogram |
a diagram that links groups of organisms by showing how evolutionary lines, or lineages, branched off from common ancestors (shows how related we are) |
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acquired characteristics |
traits altered by an individual organism during its life |
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What did Malthus reason about? |
that human population grew unchecked, there wasnt enough living space and food for everyone |
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What were some solutions to Malthus's reasoning? |
war, famine, and disease |
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artificial selection |
nature provides the variations, and humans select those they find useful (cows+pigs) |
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Which guy was it that pushed Darwin into publishing his work? |
Wallace. |
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adaption |
organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its enviroment |
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fitness |
describes how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its enviroment |
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Natural selection |
the process by which organisms with variations most suited to their local environment survive and leave more offspring. |
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common descent |
all species-living and extinct- are descended from common ancestors |
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analogous structures |
body parts that share common function, but not structures |
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vestigial structures |
inherited from ancestors but have lost much or all of their original function due to different selection pressures acting on the descendant |
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radiometric dating |
method for determining the age of a sample from the amount of radioactive isotope to the nonradioactive isotope of the same element in a sample |
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precambrian |
largest "era" |
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Era |
major division of geologic time; usually divided into two or more periods |
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mass exinction |
an event during which many species become extinct over a relatively short period of time |
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Whats the cause of a mass extinction? |
because their environment breaks down and the ordinary process of natural selection can compensate quickly enough |
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convergent |
look alike, but not related |
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adaptive |
does not look alike, but is related |