Chapter 18-21

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones?

Blood helps regulate the pH and the temperature of the body.

Blood is correctly classified as a(n):

The "buffy" coat of the middle layer of a centrifuged blood sample is composed of:

When blood is centrifuged and its components separate, the bottom of the tube holds the:

The clinical definition of the hematocrit refers to the percentage of:

If a patient becomes dehydrated, the percentage of plasma in a centrifuged sample of his or her blood would likely:

The most numerous of the formed elements, by far, are the:

One of the functions of blood is to regulate fluid levels in the body. If too much fluid escapes from the bloodstream and enters the tissues, blood pressure will:

One of the unhealthy effects of blood doping is to:

Natural killer cells derive from T-lymphoblasts and monocytes derive from the granulocyte line

During hemopoiesis, the lymphoid line forms lymphocytes only

The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called:

Which are characteristics of type O blood?

a: Has anti-A antibodies

b: Has anti-B antibodies

c: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes

d: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes

e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes

Which are characteristic of type A blood?

a: Has anti-A antibodies

b: Has anti-B antibodies

c: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes

d: Has surface antigen B on its erythrocytes

e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes

f: Will agglutinate with blood type B

The agglutinogens (or antigens) that determine the ABO and Rh blood types are

Which is going to result in significant agglutination?

The main function of leukocytes is to

Which are characteristic of leukocytes?

a: Smaller than erythrocytes

b: Have a nucleus

c: Have no hemoglobin

d: More numerous than erythrocytes

e: Depending on type, may or may not contain granules

Which leukocytes are granulocytes?

a: Neutrophils

b: Eosinophils

c: Lymphocytes

d: Monocytes

e: Basophils

f: Erythrocytes

The type of leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is a(n)

T-cells are a category of

The type of leukocyte that will migrate in the blood and take up residence in the tissues as a macrophage is a(n)

Which are the most numerous of the leukocytes?

Which are the least numerous of the leukocytes?

The first phase in hemostasis is

When over 10% of the body's blood has been lost, a survival response occurs involving activation of the ________ nervous system.

To compensate for significant blood loss, the autonomic nervous system triggers

In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated, number 2 indicates:

In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated, what blood components are contained in the layer labeled number 3?

The blood type of a person missing the surface antigen D is Rh-positive.

The main functions of the cardiovascular system are the transport and exchange of respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes throughout the body.

Which can be used to characterize blood flow in the human body?

a: There is a unidirectional blood flow.

b: Arteries always carry oxygenated blood.

c: Veins always carry deoxygenated blood.

d: Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

e: Veins carry blood toward the heart.

The pulmonary trunk receives blood from the right ventricle and conducts it toward the lung. The pulmonary trunk is a(n) _________.

Arteries carry blood toward the heart, while veins carry blood away from the heart.

The receiving chambers of the heart are the atria, and the forcefully pumping chambers of the heart are the ventricles.

Which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Which circuit of the cardiovascular system is responsible for sending blood to the kidneys, stomach, and pelvic regions?

Which of the cardiovascular system's circuits has deoxygenated blood in its arteries?

The left ventricle and aorta are part of which circuit of the cardiovascular system?

Which heart chambers would contain deoxygenated blood?

Which pair is located more anteriorly in a heart in normal position?

The epicardium is another name for the:

The serous fluid within the pericardial cavity works to:

The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the:

Which describes the endocardium?

a: Has single layer of epithelium

b: Has layer of areolar connective tissue

c: Epithelial cells are squamous

d: Epithelial cells are cuboidal

e: Has layer of adipose connective tissue

f: Has patches of myocardium

The papillary muscles attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by means of the:

The heart valves:

Which action leads to the closure of the right atrioventricular valve?

How many half-moon shaped, pocketlike cusps are found in each semilunar valve?

Which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle when the ventricles relax?

As blood is pumped out of the heart and into the major arteries leaving the heart, it:

What part of the cardiac conduction system is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium, adjacent to the entrance of the superior vena cava?

During ventricular systole:

The opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by

Blood moves into and then out of a heart chamber because:

Immediately prior to atrial systole, blood continues to enter the atria from the venae cavae and pulmonary veins.

The shutting of the semilunar valves occurs during which phase?

Cardiac output is the amount of blood that is pumped:

Cardiac output equals the:

Cardiac reserve is:

Cardiac reserve is greater in a nonathletic individual than in a highly trained athlete.

Preload is the stretch of the heart wall as determined by the amount of blood returned by the veins.

Which of the following would cause a decrease in cardiac output?

Parasympathetic innervation of the heart occurs via:

Parasympathetic innervation influences the heart rate, but generally tends to have no direct effect on the force of contractions.

In this figure showing an anterior view of the heart, the left atrium is noted by number:

In this figure showing an anterior view of the heart, what is depicted by number 7?

The left ventricle walls are typically thicker than the right ventricular wall.

It is the contraction of the atria during atrial systole that completes the filling of the ventricles while the ventricles are in diastole.

During ventricular contraction the semilunar valves close in order to permit the blood to enter the large arterial trunks that carry blood away from the heart.

Though the autonomic innervation by autonomic centers in the brainstem cannot initiate a heartbeat, it can increase or decrease the heart rate.

The ________ is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells.

Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the __________ and the tissues of the body.

As an arterial pathway moves farther from the heart, the arteries:

The largest arteries of the body are classified as:

Which is the most common type of capillary?

Valves in veins:

Which part of the circulatory system holds the largest amount of blood?

A portal system:

Oxygen and carbon dioxiode are transported between the blood and interstitial fluid by way of:

Which statement accurately compares filtration and reabsorption?

Blood colloid osmotic pressure is largely due to:

Net filtration pressure (NFP) is equal to the:

If someone suffered from hypertension, such that the blood pressure in their capillaries was elevated, then net filtration pressure would be:

Blood hydrostatic pressure in systemic capillaries is greater than interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure.

The higher the degree of vascularization in a tissue, the greater the potential for local blood flow.

Tendons and ligaments have

Blood pressure is lowest in:

Systolic blood pressure is recorded:

The force per unit area that blood places on the inside wall of a blood vessel:

If someone's blood pressure were listed as 125/75 mmHg, then their pulse pressure would be:

The contraction of skeletal muscles plays an important role in the movement of blood in the veins.

The respiratory pump assists blood movement within the veins of the trunk, because as a person inspires:

Increased cardiac output ______ the blood pressure.

Epinephrine, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone each cause an increase in blood pressure.

Increases in angiotensin II levels cause decreases in blood pressure.

Aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide have ________ effects on blood pressure.

Systolic pressure is greater than diastolic pressure due to the force generated by ventricular contraction

Lymphatic capillaries originate in the:

Lymph is transported through a network of increasingly larger lymphatic passageways. What is the correct order of these, from smallest diameter to largest diameter?

The pulsing of arteries that are adjacent to lymphatic vessels provides a pressure on the vessels that helps them propel the lymph.

The thoracic duct collects lymph from all of the following except the:

The term "primary lymphatic structure" applies:

Where do T-lymphocytes mature?

Regions of MALT called Peyer patches are found in the:

Which lymphatic organ contains red pulp and white pulp?

The thymus gland begins to atrophy immediately after birth.

Lymphatic capillaries

The lymphatic system's two main functions are to assist in:

The walls of the smallest lymphatic vessels contain muscle tissue that rhythmically propels lymph through the system.

The thymus is at its maximum size:

This figure shows the lymphatic system. What structure does number 8 indicate?

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies?

Oxygen poor blood is _________ in color.

The viscosity of blood is ________ proportional to the number of erythrocytes and _______ proportional to the amount of fluid.

Blood plasma is slightly _______; if pH drifts out of the normal range, dire consequences can result from alterations in the structure of _______ .

A malnourished person might have abnormally low levels of plasma proteins. As a result, colloid osmotic pressure:

An individual's hematocrit would vary with:

Sodium, calcium, and bicarbonate are all described as plasma:

The reason it is more appropriate to call an erythrocyte a "formed element" rather than a "cell" is that erythrocytes:

The hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is able to chemically attach to:

In hemopoiesis, granulocytes such as neutrophils are formed from the _________ line.

The life span of an erythrocyte is about _________ days.

Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the:

Which are characteristic of type Rh negative blood?

a: Always has Rh (anti-D) antibodies

b: Only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D) antibodies be present

c: Always has Rh (D) antigen

d: Only under certain conditions will the Rh (D) antigen be present

e: Is inherited independent of the ABO group

When trying to diagnose an infection that alters the percentages of leukocyte types found in the blood, it is useful for clinicians to perform a:

Which leukocytes are derived from the myeloid line?

In young children, hemopoiesis occurs in most of their bones, but in adulthood it primarily occurs in:

In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated, which number indicates the layer containing water, plasma proteins, nutrients, and waste products?

Occlusion of blood vessels tends to lead to:

The base of the heart faces in the _____________ directions.

The pericardial cavity is between the:

The pericardium helps prevent overfilling of the heart and it lessens the friction of movements during heartbeats.

SA nodal cells are autorhythmic.

Vagal tone refers to the:

What is the sequence of events in the transmission of an impulse through the heart muscle?

a: AV node

b: AV bundle

c: SA node

d: Through the atria

e: Through the ventricles

f: Bundle branches

g: Purkinje fibers

Someone with a heart block would have:

During a cardiac cycle, how many of the four chambers contract at any one time?

Coronary vessels are open when the heart is:

Which correctly describes the heart's apex?

Which type of muscle cell exhibits a longer refractory period?

In an ECG, what does the T wave denote?

In an EKG, the P wave is generated when the:

Which segment of the ECG reflects the plateau phase of ventricular muscle cells' action potentials?

Sympathetic innervation of the heart:a: increases the heart rateb: decreases the heart ratec: increases the force of contractionsd: decreases the force of contractionse: has no effect on contraction force

Purkinje fibers are small fibers within the atria that conduct impulses rapidly.

Precapillary sphincters will:

If someone were to have abnormally low levels of protein in their blood, then net filtration pressure would:

Considering the bulk flow that occurs at capillary beds, the lymphatic system is needed to:

The higher the degree of vascularization in a tissue, the greater the potential for local blood flow.

If someone were to decrease their food intake and increase aerobic exercise, they might lose adipose tissue and condition their muscles. These changes would also influence their blood vessels, as there would be:

At a capillary bed, a vasoconstrictor:

Peripheral resistance is:

Imagine someone who drank too much water before running a race. Their very watery blood would be:

Atherosclerosis involves a:

Which carries blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava?

The liver receives oxygenated blood from the common hepatic artery and deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein.

Which fluid does lymph most closely resemble?

Lymph contains several red blood cells.

The force that drives fluid into lymphatic capillaries is:

Which is not a function of the spleen?

The walls of lymphatic capillaries are only one cell thick.

Lymphatic capillaries:

This figure shows a lymph node and its components. To which feature does 4 refer?