Chapter 17 The Respiratory System

The passive transport process which is the mode for the exchange of gases that occurs in the respiratory system

Between the blood in the capillaries and the air in the alveolus there is a barrier probably less than one micron thick.. this barrier is called

The pathway of air flow is often divided into upper and lower tracks or divisions

The organs of the respiratory system are designed to perform two basic functions

The upper respiratory tract is composed of

The lower respiratory tract consists of the

The membrane that lines most of the air distribution tubes in the respiratory system

Can produce and release huge amounts of mucus

Tissues that line the nostrils, covering the vocal folds of the larynx and lining the pharynx

The layer of protective mucus that covers nearly the entire ciliated pseudostratified epithelial lining of the air distribution tubes in the respiratory tree

Are painless non cancerous tissue growth that May project from the nasal mucosa

The four paranasal sinuses are

Often developed from colds in which nasal mucosa is inflamed.. symptoms symptoms include pressure, pain, headache, swelling and redness

Collect tears from the corner of each eyelid and drain them into the nasal cavity

The three shelf like structures that protrude into the nasal cavity on each side. They aid in humidifying and warming air

Serves the respiratory and digestive tracts. Air and food pass through on their way to the lungs and stomach respectively

The uppermost part of the pharynx

The portion of the pharynx behind the mouth

The lowest segment of the pharynx

They connect the middle ears with the nasopharynx

Masses of lymphoid tissue that are embedded in the mucous membrane of the pharynx

Tonsils located in the oropharynx

Tonsils located in the nasopharynx

A condition where tonsils become infected an inflamed

Removal of both tonsils

A procedure that involves the cutting of an opening in the trachea

A tube that is placed through the mouth pharynx and larynx and the trachea before patients leave the operating room

Located just below the pharynx. It is composed of several pieces of cartilage also known as voice box

Two fibrous bands that stretch across the interior of the larynx

Acts like a trap door that closes off the larynx during swallowing and preventing food from entering the trachea

Place between the vocal cords

Increases with smoking and alcohol abuse. It occurs most often in men over age 50

Any infection localized in the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract is called

Is inflammation and swelling of nasal mucosa

is used to describe sensitivity type reactions to many types of nasal irritants and airborne allergens including animal dander and plant pollen

Is inflammation or infection of the pharynx

Is inflammation of the mucous lining of the larynx

Is a life-threatening condition caused by influenza type B infection. Hib often strikes children between three and seven years of age

Is it condition in which nasal septum strays from the midline of the nasal cavity

A nosebleed caused by strong bump or blow but can result from severe inflammation and rubbing, hypertension or even brain injury

Performs a simple but vital function it provides part of the open passageway through which air can reach the lungs from the outside. Also called the windpipe

The tube leading to the left and right lung

Results from the body's relative inability to inflate the alveoli of the lungs normally

Helps reduce surface tension or stickiness of the watery mucus lining the alveoli. It keeps the alveoli from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration

Is a very serious life-threatening condition that often affects prematurely born infants of less than 37 weeks gestation and whose weight is less than 5 pounds at birth

Is caused by impairment or removal of surfactant in the alveoli. For example accidental inhalation of foreign substances such as water vomit smoke or chemical fumes

Is caused by impairment or removal of surfactant in the alveoli. For example accidental inhalation of foreign substances such as water vomit smoke or chemical fumes

Covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the rib cage

Lines the walls of the thoracic cavity

Covers the lungs and the intrapleural space that lies between the two pleural membranes

Incomplete expansion or collapse of the lung for any reason is called

Is the presence of air in the pleural space on one side of the chest

The presence of blood in the pleural space

Means exchange of gases between a living organism and its environment

The process that moves air into and out of the lungs. It makes possible the exchange of gases between air in the lungs and in the blood

Moves air into the lungs

Moves air out of the lungs

Muscles that increase the volume of the thorax are classified as

Muscles used for forceful expiration

Is the exchange of gases between the blood and alveolar air occurs by diffusion

The first branch or division of the trachea leading into the lungs

The narrow part of each lung under the collar bone is its

An insufficient supply of oxygen to the tissues

Is used to measure the amount of air exchanged in breathing

The amount of air breathe in and out during each breath

the largest amount of air that we can breathe out in one expiration is known as

Is the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after expiring the tidal volume

The amount of air that can be forcibly inspired over and above a normal inspiration

Located in the carotid and aortic bodies are sensory receptors that are sensitive to increases in blood carbon dioxide level and decreases in blood oxygen level

Refers to the normal respiratory rate

Describe very rapid and deep or slow and shallow respiration respectively

Refers to labored and difficult breathing and is often associated with hypoventilation

If breathing stops completely for a brief period regardless of cause it is called

A series of cycles of alternating apnea and hyperventilation occurs in critical diseases such as congestive heart failure brain injuries and brain tumors

Is a common condition characterized by acute inflammation of the bronchi most commonly caused by infection

Is an acute inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and bronchi become clogged with thick fluid

Is a chronic bacillus infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Is the third ranking cause of infant death and accounts for about 1 in 9 of the nearly 30,000 infant deaths reported each year. Occurs most frequently in babies with no obvious medical problems who are younger than 3 months of age

Disorders that involve restriction of the alveoli. They inhibit inspiration, reduced pulmonary volumes and capacities such as inspiratory reserve volume and vital capacity

Is a broad term used to describe conditions of progressive irreversible obstruction of expiratory airflow

Is a chronic inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles

May be result from the progression of chronic bronchitis or other conditions as air becomes trapped within alveoli and causes them to enlarge

Is an obstructive disorder characterized by reoccurring spasms of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchial air passages

Is a malignancy of pulmonary tissue that not only destroys the vital gas exchange tissues of the lungs but like other cancers also may invade other parts of the body

Is the removal of only the affected lobe of the lung

Is the removal of the entire lung