Chapter 19, 20-24

What is defined as the science of biological classification?

List the three interrelated parts of taxonomy

Define Nomenclature

what is one of the oldest classification systems?

Who developed the first natural classification?

What would be the best phenetic classification?

what is phylogenetic tree?

In what year was The ORigin of Species Published?

For much of the twentieth century microbiologists could not effectively employ phylogenetic classification. why?

Which two scientists proposed using small subunits to assess evolutionary relationships among microorganisms?

Which two domains consist of microbes?

Define Archael species.

What consists of the descendants of a single, pure microbial culture?

Which type of strain differs morphologically?

What is a well defined group of one or more species that is clearly seperate from other genera?

List two examples of a taxonomically important ecological property.

What is the only feasible means of collecting a large and accurate data set that explores microbial evolution?

What is the genomic fingerprinting used to identify?

Do Phylogenetic trees produce fruit?

During which decade did woese and fox suggest that archaea and eukarya evolved independently of bacteria?

Does the domain bacteria contain gas vesicles?

Is nitrogen fixation present in the domain Eukarya?

Which domain contains complex internal membraneous organelles?

What is the endosymbiotic hypothesis?

What is genetic drift also known as?

Define Ecotype

What is the estimate of the amount of bacterial and archael species in nature?

In what year was bergey's manual of Determinative bacteriology published?

Is bergey's manual an official classification?

In what year was the first edition of Bergey's Manual of Systematic bacteriology published?

List the two phyla of archaea. Are they photosynthetic?

List three ways in which archaea may reproduce, are these sexual or asexual?

List three environments in which you will find archaea bacteria

Name the largest group of cultured archaea

In the phylum euryarchaeota we find methanogens which produce methane. Are these bacteria aerobic or anaerobic?

WHat are the two sources of methane?

Name the genera of archaea bacteria that do not have cell walls?

What is the optimum temperature for these bacteria to grow? what is the optimum PH?

What is the defining feature of a halobacteria. In other words what must it have to grow?

Do they produce methane?

What is another name for halobacteria that require 1.5M of NaCl in order to grow?

Are some methanogens autotrophic?

What is the optimum growth temperatures of organisms in the class thermococci?

when mycoplasma grows on an agar and forms colonies what kind of appearance takes form?

Name the bacteria that converted our anoxic planet to an oxygenated one.

are cyanobacteria autotrophic?

What are trichomes?

Do cyanobacteria have chloroplasts?

What are their by-products of photosynthesis? do they have two distinct photosystems? do they use water as an electron source?

The phylum chlorobi contains the small group known as green sulfur bacteria. Are they anaerobic or aerobic? obligate or faculative bacteria?

what are the electron sources for green sulfur bacteria?

What is the name of photosynthetic membranes used by the green sulfur bacteria?

why must the gram negative chlamydiae bacteria live within a host cell? Are they motile?

Are bacteria found in phylum Spirachaetes motile?

which class is among the smallest bacteria capable of self-reproduction, contains sterols in their plasma membrane and lack peptidoglycan?

Name the part of the spirochete's body that houses the nucleoid and cytoplasm?

Name the disease that spirochetes can cause?

What is the process of conversion of ammonia to nitrate?

What kind of respiration comes from the members of the genus Pseudomonas are chemotrophs?

what is the best studied purple nonsulfur bacterium?

Which genus causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

What is the most successful plant family on Earth?

Which species of bacteria has emerged in the las 20 years as a major hospital acquired pathogen particulary a problem with cystic fibrosis patients?

What is one of the best studied chemolithotrophs and most prominent of the colorless sulfur bacteria?

What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that emits light of a blue-green color?

Define Myxobacteria

Which type of spores can survive up to 10 years under adverse conditions?

Most myxobacteria are predators of what?

Define holdfast

what did Jim henson die from?

How many groups has streptococci been divided into?

Which genus contains short rods that are facultatively anaerobic and catalase positive?

Which genus found in the class Bacilli is associated with skin and mucous membranes?

Define heterolactic fermentation

What is the largest genus in the class Clostridia?

What type of endospores are formed by members of this genus?

What are the two classes of low G & C endospore forming bacteria?

Lactobascillus grows best under what conditions?

What is the PH range in which lactobacillus grows best?

Lactic acid bacteria do not form ________ and are usually nonmotile.

Which type of genus can help in the spoilage of beer, milk, and meat?

Lactobacilli are used in the production of fermented _________ foods.

Members of the genus lactobacillus are part of the normal ____ of the human body in the mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina.

Which group of microorganisms closely resembles the fungi in morphology?

Which type of spores do actinomycetes produce?

Actinomycete spores can withstand _________ well, so they have considerable adaptive value.

WHat structure is found in some actinomycetes that forms the spores?

WHat type of habitats are actinomycetes that forms the spores?

Which genus can degrade large amounts of petroleum?

Who discovered Streptomycin?

What was it used for?

Who is the Genus Nocardia named after?

Define endospores

Mycobacteria cell wall has a high lipid content due to the presence of ________

Which bacteria is involved with the development of body odor and acne?

Define hyphae