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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
personality
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an individual's unique constellation of consistent behavioural traits
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personality trait
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a durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations
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raymond catell
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factor analysis- correlations among many variables are analyzed to identify closely related cluster variables
- reduced list of 171 personality traits to just 16 |
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the big five
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1. openness to experience
2. conscientiousness 3. extraversion 4. agreeableness 5. neuroticism |
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Machiavellianism
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manipulative personality
- deception and manipulation for self-benefit - doesn't matter how they get to the end - insecure and callous |
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genetics of machiavellianism
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31% genetics
39% shared environment 30% non-shared environment |
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narcissism
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grandiose, entitled personality
- love oneself, superior, attention-seeking - others exist to adore me |
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genetic of narcissism
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59% genetics
41% non-shared |
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psychopathy
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impulsive, uncaring personality
- impulsivity, low remorse, thrill-seeking - inability to recognize affect - get into others head to push the right buttons |
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genetics of psychopathy
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64% genetics
4% shared environment 32% non-shared |
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psychoanalysis
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lengthy verbal interaction in which Freud probed deep into their lives
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3 arguments of Freud
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1. unconscious forces govern behaviour
2. childhood experiences strongly determine personality 3. personality is shaped by how you cope with sexual urges |
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id
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primitive, instinctive component
- pleasure principle - psychic energy - raw biological urges - immediate gratification |
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ego
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decision making component
- reality principle - delay of gratification of ids urges - rational, realistic |
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superego
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moral component
- emerges around 3-5 - strives for moral perfection |
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defence mechanisms
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largely unconscious reactions that protect you from painful emotions (like guilt)
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8 defence mechanisms
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(SPIDRRRR) rationalization, reaction formation, regression, repression, projection, displacement, identification, sublimation
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psychosexual stages
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oral (0-1), anal (2-3), phallic (4-5), latency (6-12), genitcal (12+)
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fixation
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failure to move forward from one stage to another
- caused by excessive gratification/frustration - leads to overemphasis on needs prominent in fixated stage |
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oedipal complex
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during phallic stage, children get erotic desires for other sex parent, hostile toward same-sex parent
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penis envy
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little girls hostile toward their mothers because they blame her for their anatomical deficiency
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Carl Jung's 2 layers
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personal unconscious- houses materials from one's life due to repression or forgetting
collective unconscious- storehouse of archetypes |
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archetypes
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latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past that is shared with the entire human race
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alfred adler
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foremost human drive is striving for superiority
- inferiority complex |
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striving for superiority
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drive to adapt, improve oneself, master life's challenges
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humanism
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emphasizes unique qualities of humans, especially their free will and potential for human growth
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carl rogers
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humanism, self-concept and incongruence of self-concept
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self-concept
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collection of beliefs about one's own nature, unique qualities and typical behaviour
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incongruence
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disparity between one's self-concept and one's actual experiences
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maslows hierarchy of needs
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systematic arrangement of needs, where basic needs must be met first before less basic needs are aroused
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order of the hierarchy of needs
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(PSBECA, SA)
physiological, safety and security, belongingness and love, esteem, cognitive, aesthetic, need for self-actualization |
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eysenck's theory of personality
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personality is derived by GENES, extraversion-introversion dimension
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sensation seeking
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general preference for high or low levels of sensory stimulation
mark zuckerman believed there was a genetic predisposition for this |
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terror management theory
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the collision of self-preservation instinct AND awareness of inevitable death causes anxiety... self-esteem shields people from this anxiety
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