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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Contextual factors
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elements of a writing task, such as the situation, organization’s procedures, and readers, that influence the writer’s choices at every step
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Genres
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the agreed-upon forms of writing that develop in response to recurrent situations and that allow users to act purposefully in a particular activity
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Discourse community
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a group of communicators who share a goal of interest in adopting a way of participating in a public discussion, including the use of particular genres and terminology
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Rhetorical situations
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circumstances in which individuals communicate
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exigence
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the reason for speaking out urgently on a topic or issue
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audience
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those with an interest in reacting to the exigence
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constraints
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the limitations on what can be said and the factors shaping the content
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Prewriting
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the process of gathering ideas and establishing the purpose, audience, and channel for a message
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Organizing and outlining
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mapping out most strategic and logical arrangement of ideas and details
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Drafting
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writing of the message by choosing the precise wording and the style of organization
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Revising and editing
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last chance for improvements on the document
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Scope
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the breadth or limitations of a document’s coverage
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audience analysis
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the process of assessing the needs and knowledge of readers and listeners and adapting messages accordingly
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primary audience
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the intended receiver of a message; the person or persons who will use or act on a message’s information
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secondary audience
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anyone, other than the primary audience, who will receive a message and be affected by the actions or decision
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reader benefits
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the advantages the reader gains by complying with what the writer proposes in buying products, following policies, or endorsing ideas
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medium/channel
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the physical means by which an oral or written message is transmitted
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richness
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a quality of the types of cues by which meaning can be derived from a message
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Brainstorming
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a method of generating content by listing ideas as they come to mind
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Mapping/clustering
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a method of generating content by visualizing the main topic and its subcategory (web)
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Journalistic questions
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the essential questions (who, what, why, where, and how) that frame journalists’ inquiries as they focus and prepare their stories
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Organizing and outlining
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the process of arranging information for clarity and impact
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sequential development
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a method of organization of arranging information for clarity and impact
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chronological development
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a method of organization that describes events in the order in which they occur
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general-to-specific development
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begins with general info on a topic followed by specific details
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cause-and-effect development
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links events with the reasons for them
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outline
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a framework for a document, showing its divisions and elements
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Drafting
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the preliminary writing of a document
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writer’s block
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a psychological state of being unable to begin or continue the precess of composition out of fear or anxiety over the communication task
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