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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ARTERIES
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carry blood away from heart to other organs.
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ARTERIOLES
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arteries divide into smaller arteries
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CAPILLARIES
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arterioles enter tissue, branch into numerous tiny vessels
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VENULES
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Groups of capillaries within tissue reunite to form small veins
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VEINS
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venules merge to form progressively larger blood vessels. convey blood from tissues back to the heart.
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CAPILLARY EXCHANGE
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A
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DIFFUSION
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A
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TRANSCYTOSIS
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A
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BULK FLOW
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A
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FILTRATION
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A
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REABSORPTION
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A
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BLOOD HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE (BHP)
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A
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INTERSTITIAL FLUID OSMOTIC PRESSURE (IFOP)
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A
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BLOOD COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE (BCOP)
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A
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NET FILTRATION PRESSURE (NFP)
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A
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EDEMA
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A
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BLOOD FLOW
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A
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BLOOD PRESSURE
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A
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SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE
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A
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DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE
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A
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MEAN ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE (MAP)
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A
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VASCULAR RESISTANCE
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S
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BLOOD VISCOSITY
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A
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TOTAL BLOOD VESSEL LENGTH
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A
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SYSTEMATIC VENOUS RETURN (SVR) / TOTAL PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE (TPR)
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A
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VENOUS RETURN
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A
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SKELETAL MUSCLE PUMP
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A
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RESPIRATORY PUMP
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S
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VELOCITY OF BLOOD FLOW
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L
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CIRCULATION TIME
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A
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TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS
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arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
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TUNICA INTERNA
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forms inner lining of blood vessel and in direct contact with blood as it flows through lumen
Innermost layer endothelium, continuous with endocardial lining of the heart; thin layer of flattened cells. Basement membrane, anchors endothelium to underlying connective tissue while also regulating molecular movement. Internal elastic lamina forms boundary between tunica interna and tunica media, facilitate diffusion of materials |
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LUMEN
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interior opening of vessel.
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TUNICA MEDIA
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thick layer compromised of smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers.
Regulates diameter of lumen |
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VASOCONSTRICTION
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increase in sympathetic stimulation causes smooth muscle to contract, narrowing lumen; decrease in diameter of lumen
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VASODILATION
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Sympathetic stimulation decreases, smooth muscle relaxes, increase in lumen diameter
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TUNICA EXTERNA
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consists of elastic and collagen fibers, numerous nerves
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VASA VASORUM
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tiny blood vessels supply tissue of vessel wall, found in larger vessels of tunica externa.
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ELASTIC (CONDUCTING) ARTERIES
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largest arteries in body, large diameter but thin walls
well-defined internal & external elastic laminae, thick tunica media dominated by elastic fibers, called elastic lamellae. help propel blood onward while ventricles relaxing |
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MUSCULAR ARTERIES
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tunica media contains more smooth muscle and fewer elastic fibers.
Continue to branch and distribute blood to each organ, distributing arteries. Maintains vascular tone, maintains vessel pressure and efficient blood flow. |
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ANASTOMOSIS
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union 2+ artery branches supplying same body region.
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ARTERIOLES
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Regulate flow of blood into capillary networks of body’s tissues.
Thin tunica interna with thin fenestrated internal elastic lamina |
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METARTERIOLES
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Terminal end of arteriole, tapers toward capillary junction.
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PRESSURE SPHINCTER
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At metarteriole capillary junction muscle cells form ---- monitors blood flow into capillary.
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RESISTANCE
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the opposition to blood flow.
Contraction of smooth muscle of arteriole causes vasoconstriction, increases ----- and decreases blood flow into capillaries. Relaxation of smooth muscle of arteriole causes vasodilation, decreases ----- and increases blood flow into capillaries. |
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CAPILLARIES
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Smallest blood vessels, forms U turn that connect arterial outflor to venous return.
Primary function is exchange of substances between blood and interstitial fluid. Body tissues with high metabolic requirements (brain, liver, kidneys) have extensive capillary networks. Composed of only single layer of endothelial cells and basement membrane. |
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MICROCIRCULATION
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flow of blood from met arteriole through capillaries into post capillary venule.
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CAPILLARY BED
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network of 10-100 capillaries that arise from single metarteriole.
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THOROUGHFARE CHANNEL
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distal end of vessel with no smooth muscle
Provides direct route for blood from arteriole to a venule, bypassing capillaries. |
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CONTINUOUS CAPILLARIES
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plasma membranes of endothelial cells form continuous tube that is interrupted by intercellular clefts, gaps between neighbouring cells.
CNS, lungs, skin, muscle tissue |
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FENESTRATED CAPILLARIES
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plasma membranes have many fenestrations, small pores.
Kidneys, choroid plexuses of brain, endocrine glands |
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SINUSOIDS
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unusually large fenestrations, large intercellular clefts that allow proteins, blood cells to pass from tissue into bloodstream.
Liver, spleen, anterior pituitary, adrenal glands. |
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PORTAL SYSTEM
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some parts of body blood passes from one capillary network into another through portal vein
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VENULES
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Thin walls do not readily maintain their shape. Drain capillary blood and begin to return flow of blood back toward heart.
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VEINS
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Composed of same 3 layers as arteries, relative thickness differs; tunica interna & media of veins is much thinner, tunica externa thickest layer and consists of collagen & elastic fibers.
Average BP considerably lower than arteries; blood leaves cut vein slowly, but will spurt rapidly from cut artery |
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VALVES
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thin folds of tunica interna that form flaplike cusps in veins. Cusps project into lumen, pointing toward heart.
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VASCULAR (VENOUS) SINUS
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vein with thin endothelial wall with no smooth muscle to alter its diameter.
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SUPERFICIAL VEINS
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course through subcutaneous layer unaccompanied by parallel arteries. Form small connections (anastomoses) with deep veins that travel between skeletal muscles.
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BLOOD DISTRIBUTION
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largest portion of blood vol at rest (64%) in systematic veins & venules.
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BLOOD RESERVOIRS
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systematic veins and venules, blood can be diverted quickly if necessary.
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