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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Quiet inspiration is ____________, and quiet expiration is ______________.
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An active and passive process
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Which of the following represents all of the processes involved in respiration in the correct order?
1. Pulmonary ventilation; External respiration; Transport of respiratory gases; Internal respiration 2. Pulmonary respiration; External ventilation; Internal ventilation; Transport of respiratory gases 3. External respiration; Internal respiration; Transport of respiratory gases 4. Pulmonary ventilation; External ventilation; Internal ventilation; Transport of respiratory gases |
1. Pulmonary ventilation; External respiration; Transport of respiratory gases; Internal respiration
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Which of the following processes are unique to the respiratory system?
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pulmonary ventilation and external respiration
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Systemic venous blood that is to be oxygenated in the lungs is delivered by the ____________, and the ____________ provide oxygenated systemic blood to lung tissue.
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pulmonary arteries; bronchial arteries
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________, the difference between the intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressures, prevents the lungs from collapsing.
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Transpulmonary pressure
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The _________________ is also known as the "guardian of the airways".
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Eppiglotis
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Which parts of the respiratory system function as the main sites of gas exchange?
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Alveoli
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Which form of hypoxia reflects poor O2 delivery resulting from too few RBCs or from RBCs that contain abnormal or too little hemoglobin?
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Anemic Hypoxia
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What is ventilation-perfusion coupling?
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Matching the amount of gas reaching the alveoli to the blood flow in pulmonary capillaries
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Which is the most powerful respiratory stimulant?
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Rising CO2 levels
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What is the primary form in which carbon dioxide is carried in blood?
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as a bicarbonate ion in plasma
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T/F: Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture.
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True
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T/F: Although lung cancer is difficult to cure, it is highly preventable.
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True
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Which of the choices below is not a functional process performed by the respiratory system?
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transport of respiratory gases
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T/F: The lungs are perfused by two circulations: the pulmonary and the bronchial. The pulmonary circulation is for oxygenation of blood. The bronchial circulation supplies blood to the lung structures (tissue).
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True
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This space conducts for air to reach the sites of gas exchange. Includes all other respiratory structures
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Conducting Zone
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Sites of gas exchange, consists of bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli.
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Respiratory Zone
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Respiratory muscles->
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Ventilation
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Moving air into and out of the lungs
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Pulmonary Ventilation
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Gas exchange between the lungs and the blood
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External Respiration
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Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and tissues
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Transport
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Gas exchange between systemic blood vessels and tissues
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Internal respiration
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Aerobic respiration in mitoch
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Cellular respiration
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The only externally visible part of the respiratory system that houses the olfactory receptors
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Nose
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-Provides an airway for respiration
-Moistening and warming the entering air -Filtering inspired air and cleaning it off foreign matter -Serving as a resonating chamber for speech |
Functions of the nose
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Attaches to the hyoid bone and opens into the laryngopharynx superiorly.
-Continuous with the trachea posteriorly |
Larynx (Voice box)
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The three functions of the larynx
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-Provide airway
-Act as a switching mechanism to route air and food into the proper channels -Voice production |
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When is the larynx closed?
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During coughing, sneezing and valsalvas maneuver
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When air is temporarily held in the lower respiratory tract by closing the glottis
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Valsalvas Maneuver
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-Causes intra-abdominal pressure to rise when abdominal muscles contract
-Helps to empty the rectum -Acts as a splint to stabilize the trunk when lifting heavy loads |
Valsalvas Maneuver
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When air reaches the bronchi it is:
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Warm and cleansed
saturated with water vapor |
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Air passages undergo ____ orders of branching
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23
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Tissue walls of bronchi mimic that of the ________
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trachea
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-Consist of cuboidal epithelium
-Have a complete layer of circular smooth muscle -Lack cartilage support and mucus-producing cells |
Bronchioles
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Defined by the presence of alveoli
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Respiratory zone
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Begins as terminal bronchioles and feed into repiratory
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bronchioles
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Respiratory bronchioles lead to:
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alveolar ducts
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From alveolar ducts it leads to the:
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terminal clusters of alveolar sacs composed of alveoli
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How many alveoli are there?
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300 million
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Account for most of the lungs volume
Provide surface area for gas exchange |
Alveoli
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Thin, double layer serosa
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Pleurae
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Covers the thoracic wall and superior face of the diaphram
-continues around the heart and between lungs |
Parietal Pleura
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-Covers the external lung surface
-Divides the thorasic cavity into three chambers |
Visceral (Pulmonary) pleura
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What are the three chambers the thorasic cavity is made into by the pleura?
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1. Central mediastinum
2. 2 lateral compartments (each containing a lung) |
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Lungs are perfused by two circulations
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-pulmonary
-bronchial |
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Supply systemic venous blood to be oxygenated
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Pulmonary arteries
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Carry oxygenated blood from respiratory zones to the heart
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Pulmonary Veins
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Provides systemic blood to the lung tissue
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Bronchial arteries
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Breathing is in two phases
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Inspiration
Expiration |
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When air flows into lungs
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Inspiration
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When air flows out of the lungs
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Expiration
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A mechanical process that depends on volume changes in the thorasic cavity
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Breathing
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Volume changes lead to ____________________ which lead to the flow of gases to equalize pressure
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Pressure changes
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Respiratory pressure AKA
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Atmospheric pressure
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-Pressure exerted by the air surrounding the body
-Positive respiratory pressure is greater than P |
Atmospheric pressure
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Negative respiratory pressure is _____ than P
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less
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Positive respiratory pressure is _____ than P
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greater
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Caused by equalization of the intrapleural pressure with the intrapulmonary pressure
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Lung collapse
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Pneumotharax=
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air in the pleural cavity
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What pressure keeps the airways open
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Transpulmonary
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Difference between the intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressures
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Transpulmonary pressure
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The relationship between the pressure and volume of gases
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Boyles law
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P1V1=
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P2V2
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Flow of gases move ______ a pressure gradient
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down
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When the bronchioles are constricted or obstructed it :
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increases R and reduce F
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Your chest expands because your lungs fill with air
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False
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Located in between vocal folds
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Glottis
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What is the best way to breathe
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Through your nose
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Occurs in your alveoli's, it's the exchange between air and blood
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Gas exchange
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Help lower and raise the diaphram
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Intercostal Muscles
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The movement of air
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Ventilation
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It is internal respiration when the gas reaches a
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Tissue
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The proper means for delivering air into the conducting zone and lungs
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Nose
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Which is true?
-You fill your lungs with air because your chest expands or -Your chest expands because you fill your lungs with air |
-You fill your lungs with air because your chest expands
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If you hold your breath, your closing off the
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Glottis
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The trachea branches into:
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Bronchi
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What covers alveolis?
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Capillaries
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There are alveoli present in the:
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Respiratory bronchiole
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There are no alveoli present in the:
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Terminal Bronchiole
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This bronchiole is wrapped with smooth muscle
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Terminal bronchiole
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Provides for a smooth gliding surface and protects against pain and discomfort
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Serous membrane
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Name the pleura from the outside in
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1. Parietal
2. Serous 3. Visceral |
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What is inspiration and expiration driven by?
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The contraction of skeletal muscle (voluntary)
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Lubricates and prevents friction when lungs expand
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Pleurae
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These arteries nourish the lung tissue
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Bronchial artery
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The average atmospheric pressure is:
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760 mm HG at sea level
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If the pressure goes up what does down?
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Volume
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Force exerted by all the gas molecules
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Pressure gradient
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The movement of the diaphragm changes:
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the volume
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When the diaphragm moves down, it causes the chest to:
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Expand
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When the diaphragm goes up, it causes the chest to:
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Go in
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