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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is the goal of respiration?
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to supply body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide
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what are the four main parts of respiration?
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-pulmonary ventilation
-external respiration -transport of respiratory gases -internal (cellular) respiration |
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what is pulmonary ventilation?
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breathing
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what is external respiration?
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moving the gas between the lungs and the blood stream
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how is the transport of respiratory gases accomplished?
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the circulatory system
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what does the internal (cellular) respiration do?
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takes oxygen out of the blood and get it in to the muscles
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where is the respiratory zone, where the gas exchange occurs?
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-respiratory bronchioles
-alveolar ducts -alveoli |
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what is the conducting zone?
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the conduit for air, clease, humidify, warm
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what is the "vestibule" (part of the nose and paranasal sinuses)
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lined with vibrissae (hairs) for filtering
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what lines the superior portion of the nasal cavity?
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olfactory epithelium
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what is most of the nasal cavity lined with?
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respiratory mucosa-pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
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where does the contaminated mucous from the nasal cavity go?
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to the pharynx
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what enzyme does mucous have?
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lysozyme
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what are serous glands?
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water fluid containing enzymes/defensins
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what do the vascular plexuses do?
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warm the air before it enters the body
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what is the nasal mucosa supplied with? and what do they trigger?
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supplied with sensory nerve endings; the trigger sneeze if they come in contact with irritating particle
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why are the bones of the face hollow?
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to make the skull lighter
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what is rhinitis?
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inflammation of the nasal mucosa
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what is sinusitis?
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inflammation of the sinuses
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what is the pharynx?
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connects nasal cavityand mouth to larynx and esophagus
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what is the nasopharynx?
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-an air cavity
-soft palate and uvula prevent food entrance -pharyngeal tonsil -tubal tonsils surround auditory tubes |
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what is the oropharynx?
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-stratified squamous epithelium
-palatine tonsils -lingual tonsil |
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what is the laryngopharynx?
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-common pathway for food and air
-stratified squamous eptihelium -directly posterior to upright epiglottis -extends to larynx -posteriorly is continuous with esophagus |
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when we're not swallowing, the esophagus is....
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collapsed
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the larynx is superiorly attached to the..
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hyoid bone
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what are the functions of the larynx?
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-patent airway
-routing food and air -houses vocal cords |
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cilia in the larynx beats _____.
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upward
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during swallowing, the larynx is pulled _____ so epiglottis ____ ____ _____.
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superiorly; closes off larynx
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what are the three layers to the wall of the trachea?
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-mucosa (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium): goblet cells that secret mucous
-submucosa: seromucous glands -adventitia: reinforced by c-shaped hyaline cartilage rings |
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look at slide 13
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if memorized go on, if not, incorrect
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which side of the lungs is the more common site for inhaled objects?
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the right primary bronchi
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how many orders of branching in the lungs are there?
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23
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what are the descending order of the respiratory zone?
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-terminal bronchiole
-respiratory bronchiole -alveolar ducts -alveolar sacs containing alveoli |
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alveoli provides ___ ____ ____ for gas exchange
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large surface area
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gas exchange occurs by what in the respiratory membrane?
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simple diffusion across the alveolar-capillary membrane
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what is the Hilus (mediastinal surface)?
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where vessels leave and enter each lung
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what is the pleurae?
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thin, double-layered serosa
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parietal serosa covers what?
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thoracic wall and diaphragm
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what covers the external lung surface?
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visceral or pulmonary pleura
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what does the pleurae produce?
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lubricating pleural fluid that fills pleural cavity
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what is PLEURISY?
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inflammation of pleurae
-due to infection or wounds in the lungs: causes a lot of pain: the lungs ridgedly move in and out |