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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the role of external processes in the rock cycle
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Responsible for transforming solid rock into sediment
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What is the controlling force behind mass wasting?
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Gravity
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What role does mass wasting play in sculpting artists landscapes?
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It transfers rock and soil downslope
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What are the 3 external processes?
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Weathering
Mass wasting Erosion |
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Describe the movement of water through the hydrologic cycle
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Once precipitation has fallen on line what paths might it take?
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Portion soaks into the ground (infiltration)
Runoff Transpiration Evapotanspiration |
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Runoff
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Earth can't absorb
Surplus flows over the surface into streams rivers etc. |
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Infiltration
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Water soaks into the ground
Seeps into lakes |
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Transpiration
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Absorbed by plants
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What are the three main zones of a river system?
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Sediment production
Sediment transport Sediment deposition |
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I stream starts out 2000 meters above sea level and travels 250 kilometers to the ocean. What is its average gradient in meters per kilometer?
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Vertical drop of a stream over a specified distance
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When the discharge of a stream increases what happens to its velocity
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Increases
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In what three ways does a Stream transport its load
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Dissolved load
Suspended load Bed load |
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Competency
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Streams ability to transport particles based on size
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Capacity
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The max amount load of of solid particles a stream can transport per unit of time.
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Braided channel
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Streams load consists of coarse material
Highly variable discharge |
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Describe two situations that would trigger the formation of incised meanders
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Base level dropped
Land on which river flowers was uplifted |
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Natural levee
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Built by successive floods over many years
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Back swamp
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Areas behind a levee
marches that can't flow over levee. |
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Yazoo tributary
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Stream flows parallel to river until it can breach the levee.
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3 Flood control strategies
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1. Artificial levee
2. Flood control dams 3. Channelization |
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Artificial levee
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Earthen mounds
Increase volume of water as channel can hold |
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Floods control dams
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Store floodwater and
release slowly |
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Channelization
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Alter stream channel
Speeds the flow of water prevent reaching flood height |
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Streams diverge from a central high area such as a volcano
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Radial pattern
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Streams form a branching treekike pattern
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Dendritic
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Bedrock is crisscrossed by joints and faults.
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Trellis
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Develops in highly jointed bedrock
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Rectangular pattern.
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What percentage of freshwater is groundwater?
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14.158
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Name a significant geological role of groundwater
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Equalizer of streamflow.
Stores water underground |
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Define groundwater
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Water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices of rock.
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Porosity
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Measure of how much rock is open space
Bedrock sediment and soil contain voids |
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Permeability
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A materials ability to transmit fluid
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What is the source of heat for most hot springs and geysers?
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Extensive underground Chambers with hot igneous rock
Cold water heating causes water to expand and it is forced out |
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What is artesian?
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Supplied by upward movement of water under hydrostatic pressure.
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Under what circumstances do artesian wells form?
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Water must be confined to an aquifer that is inclined
Aquitards birth above and below the well must be present |
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Which problem is associated with the pumping of groundwater for irrigation in the southern part of the high plains?
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Dry region
Reliant on irrigation |
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Briefly explain what happened in California San Joaquin Valley Mexico City and other places as the result of excessive groundwater withdrawal?
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Permanent flooding
Thousands of wells sunk into the ground |
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Which aquifer would be most effective in purifying polluted ground water.
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One consisting of sand.
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Stalactites
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Hang from the ceiling
Water Seeps through the cracks |
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Stalagmites
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Formations on the floor of a cavern
Water falls from the ceiling. |
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If you were to explore an area that exhibited karst topography, what features might you find? This area would probably be underlain buy what rock type?
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Shaped by the dissolving power of groundwater.
Limestone. |
