Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Biomechanics |
The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces. |
|
|
Superior |
Positioned above a point of reference. |
|
|
Inferior |
Positioned below a point of reference. |
|
|
Proximal |
Position nearest the center of the body, or point of reference. |
|
|
Distal |
Position farthest from the center of the body, or point of reference. |
|
|
Anterior |
On the front of the body. |
Ventral |
|
Posterior |
On the back of the body. |
Dorsal |
|
Medial |
Positioned near the middle of the body. |
|
|
Lateral |
Position towards the outside of the body. |
|
|
Contralateral |
Position on the opposite side of the body. |
|
|
Lpsilateral |
Positioned on the same side of the body. |
|
|
Anatomic position |
The position with the body erect with arms at the side and the palms forward. Anatomic position is of importance in anatomy because it is the position of reference for an atomic nomenclature. Anatomic terms such as anterior and posterior, medial and lateral, and abduction and adduction apply to the body when it is in the anatomic position. |
|
|
Sagittal plane |
An imaginary bisector that divides the body inside left and right halves. |
|
|
Flexion |
A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases. |
|
|
Extension |
A strengthening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases. |
|
|
Hyperextension |
Extension of the joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion. |
|
|
Frontal plane |
An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves. |
|
|
Abduction |
A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body. |
|
|
Adduction |
Movement in the frontal plane back towards the midline of the body. |
|
|
Transverse plane |
An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves. |
|
|
Internal rotation |
Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body. |
|
|
External rotation |
Rotation of a joint away from the midline of the body. |
|
|
Horizontal abduction |
Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position. |
|
|
Horizontal adduction |
Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position. |
|
|
Scapular retraction |
Adduction of scapula; shoulder blade moves towards the midline. |
|
|
Scapular protraction |
Abduction of scapula; Shoulder blade moves away from the midline. |
|
|
Scapular depression |
Downward motion of the scapula. |
Inferior |
|
Scapular elevation |
Upward motion of the scapula. |
Superior |
|
Eccentric muscle action |
An eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening. |
|
|
Concentric muscle action |
When a muscle is Exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle. |
|
|
Isometric muscle action |
When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length. |
|
|
Isokinetic muscle action |
When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion. |
|
|
Force |
And influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object. |
|
|
Length-tension relationship |
The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length. |
|
|
Force-couple |
Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint. |
|
|
Rotary motion |
Movement of the bone around the joints. |
|
|
Torque |
A force that produces rotation. Common unit of torque is the Newton-meter or Nm. |
|
|
Motor behavior |
Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli. |
|
|
Motor control |
How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with the previous experience to produce a motor response. |
|
|
Motor learning |
Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements. |
|
|
Motor development |
The change in the motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan. |
|
|
Muscle synergies |
Groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement. |
|
|
Proprioception |
The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that senses position and limb movements. |
|
|
Sensorimotor integration |
The Cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement. |
|
|
Feedback |
The use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the human movement system in motor learning. |
|
|
Internal feedback |
The process whereby sensory information is used by the body to receptively monitor movement and the environment. |
|
|
External feedback |
Information provided by some external source, such as a health and fitness professional, video tape, mirror, or heart rate monitor, to the supplement the internal environment. |
|
|
Figure 5.3 |
|
|
|
Table 5.1 |
|
|
|
Figure 5.4 |
|
|
|
Figure 5.5 |
|
|
|
Figure 5.6 |
|
|
|
Figure 5.7 |
|
|
|
Table 5.2 muscle action spectrum |
|
|
|
Table 5.3 common Force-couple |
|
|
|
Figure 5.15 levers |
|
|