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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What is:


determination of physicalor chemical identity of substance to as near absolute certainty as analyticaltechniques will permit?

Identification

What is the frequencyof occurrence of an event?

Probability

What defines the odds at which acertain event will occur?

Probability

What forces forensic science toexpress results within a degree of certainty?


Probability

(Individual Characteristics or Class Characteristics)



Evidence associated withcommon source with an extremely high degree of probability

Individual Characteristics

(Individual Characteristics or Class Characteristics)




Fingerprints, striationmarks on bullets & tool marks,wear patterns in tire & footwearimpressions

Individual Characteristics

(Individual Characteristics or Class Characteristics)




Frequent inability of labto relate physical evidence to a common origin with a high degree of certainty

Class Characteristics

(Individual Characteristics or Class Characteristics)




Evidenceassociated with only a group and not a single source

Class Characteristics

(Individual Characteristics or Class Characteristics)




Probability determiningfactor

Class Characteristics

In product rule, how do you find probability?

Multiply the frequencies and multiply by 100 to find the percentage

Can physical evidence exclude or exonerate aperson from suspicion?

Both

True/False




No two things in the worldare alike in every detail

True

True/False




Criminal investigatorsshould not pursue all investigative leads


False

True/False




Class physical evidenceallows investigators to have a much greater chance of success


True

Does physical evidence have a higher chance of human error?

Yes

What is the PDQ database?

International ForensicAutomotive Paint Data Query: RCMP


What is the IAFIS database?

Integrated AutomatedFingerprint Identification System: FBI- 1999


What is the CODIS database?

Combined DNA Index System: FBI-1998


What is the NIBIN?

NationalIntegrated Ballistics Information Network: ATF


What is used to determine what type of shoe?

SICAR

True/False




SICAR cannot create "self-fulfilling prophecy"?

False

What is it called where you don’t let personal beliefs & biases affect conclusions?


Objectivity-professional detachment

(Deductive reasoning/Inductive reasoning)






drawing conclusion based onknown facts

Deductive

(Deductive reasoning/Inductive reasoning)




drawingconclusions on premises with questionable correctness-probable conclusions

Inductive

(Cause of death/Manor of death)




the disease or injury ofthe death

Cause of death

(Cause of death/Manor of death)




how the cause ofdeath arose (natural or violent death)

Manor of death

True/False




Is a natural death caused by disease?

True