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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What percent of hormones are proteins? |
90 |
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2 categories of non steroid hormones and give examples of each. |
1. Peptides/ protein from amino acid - insulin, glucagon, all pituitary and hypothalamus hormones 2. Amine - thyroid hormones, catecholamines (epi and noepi), melatonin |
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Types of steroid hormones |
Aldosterone Cortisol Estrogen Testosterone Progesterone Vitamin D |
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These hormones bind to a receptor on the surface of a cell membrane to activate a second messenger within the cell. |
Non steroid hormones |
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Only 2 non steroid hormones that don't need a second messenger. |
Insulin and growth hormone |
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Steroid hormones use what to cause protein synthesis? |
Direct gene activation |
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2nd messenger for adenylyl cyclase mechanism |
cAMP |
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2nd messenger for Phospholipase C mechanism |
IP3/Ca2+ |
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2nd messenger for tyrosine kinase mechanism |
Insulin and growth hormone |
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Membrane bound proteins that couple hormone receptors to effector enzymes |
G proteins |
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3 subunits of a g protein |
Alpha beta and gamma |
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When GDP is bound to the alpha subunit, the g protein is ____. |
Inactive |
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Four factors that determine hormone levels |
Rate of secretion of hormone from endocrine gland Rate of metabolism or excretion of hormone Quantity of transport protein Changes in plasma volume |
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3 factors that stimulate endocrine gland activity |
Humoral, hormonal, neural |
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Steroid hormones are ___ soluble and most are formed from ____. |
Lipid Cholesterol |
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Non steroid hormones are formed from ____. |
Proteins and amino acids |
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Which type of hormone alters activity of dna to modify protein synthesis? |
Steroid |
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What type of connection does the anterior pituitary have and what's it's role in hormones? |
Vascular connection Makes its own hormones |
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What connection does the posterior pituitary have and what is its role with hormones? |
Neural Store the hypothalamic hormones |
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2 hormones that are released by hypothalamus and stored in posterior pituitary. |
Vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin |
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7 hormones released on hypothalamus that activate anterior pituitary |
PRH PIH (DOPAMINE) TRH CRH GHRH GHIH GnRH |
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6 hormones released in anterior pituitary |
Prolactin TSH ACTH GH FSH LH |
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3 types of growth by growth hormone |
Hyperplasia: cell numbers increase Production of extracellular matrix: neurons swell Hypertrophy: cells enlarge |
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Growth hormone has the opposing effect of the actin of what? |
Insulin |
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Thyroid gland produced mostly which thyroid hormone and which one is more active? |
T4 T3 |
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T4 and T3 are transported in the blood bound to carrier proteins called ____. |
Thyroxin binding globulin |
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Primary function of t3 and t4 |
Heat production |
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Adrenal medulla is part of which nervous system? |
Sympathetic |
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The adrenal gland is split into what 2 parts? |
Adrenal medulla and cortex |
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The adrenal medulla contains which hormones? |
Catecholamines |
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The adrenal cortex contains which hormones? |
Aldosterone Cortisol Sex steroid hormones |
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The only neuron or nerve to go directly to the adrenal medulla |
Pre-ganglionic sympathetic neuron |
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2 major functions of aldosterone |
Increase k+ excretion Increase Na+ and water reabsorption |
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4 reasons we lower the use of fat % with increasing exercise |
Elevated H+ concentration (inhibits HSL) High levels of lactic acid Inadequate blood flow to adipose tissue Insufficient albumin to transport FFA in plasma |