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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Organic molecule
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Carbon-based molecules
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Inorganic molecule
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non- carbon- based molecules
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Hydrocarbon
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Organic molecules that are composed of only carbon and hydrogen
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Functional group
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A group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules
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Hydrophilic
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Attract water molecules
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Monomers
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Large molecules built from many similar smaller molecular units
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Polymers
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Cells link monomers together into long chains
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Carbohydrate
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An organic composed made up of sugar molecules
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Monosaccharides
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Simple sugars containing just one sugar
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Polysaccharides
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Long polymer chains made up of simple sugar monomers
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Starch
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A polysaccharide found in plant cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers
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Glycogen
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Stores access sugar in the form of a polysaccharide
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Cellulose
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Serve as building material
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Lipid
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Oils inability to mix with water is typical of the class of water avoiding compound
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Hydrophobic
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Water avoiding molecules
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Fat
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Consist of three carbon backbone attached to 3 fatty acids
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Saturated fat
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A fat in which all 3 fatty acid chains contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms
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Unsaturated fat
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Contains less than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in one or more of its fatty acid chains
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Steroid
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A lipid molecule in which the carbon skeleton forms four fused rings
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Cholesterol
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An essential molecule found in the membranes that surround your cells
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Protein
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A polymer constructed from a set of just 20 kinds of monomers
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Amino acid
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Consist of a central carbon atom bonded to 4 partners
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Polypeptide
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Cells that create proteins by linking amino acids together into a chain
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Denaturation
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Loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor
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Activation energy
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Start-up energy that activates the reactants and triggers a chemical reaction
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Catalysts
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Compounds that speed up chemical reactions
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Enzymes
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Specialized protein that catalyze the chemical reaction of a cell
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Substrate
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Specialized reactant acted upon enzymes
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Active site
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The substrate fits into a particular region of the enzyme
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Disaccharide
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Generation reaction that creates the double sugar from two monosaccharides
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Polyunsaturated
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An organic compound containing several double and triple bonds between carbon atoms
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Oil
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Fat that are liquid at room temperature
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Dipeptide
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The peptide composed of two amino acids
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(true or false) all organic compounds are compounds that contain *oxygen*
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False; carbon
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(true or false) *isomers* are organic molecules that have the same chemical formula but different structural formula
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True
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(true or false) *proteins* are composed of fatty acids and glycerol
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False; lipids
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(true or false) Carbohydrates usually contain hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio of *4:1*
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False; 2:1
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(true or false) Maltose and sucrose are two examples of *monosaccharides*
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False; disaccharide
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(true or false) cellulose glycogen and starch are *simple* carbohydrates
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False; complete
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(true or false) *lipids* include fats oils and waxes
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True
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(true or false) Lipids are *insoluble* in water
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True
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(true or false) *proteins* are composed of 20 different amino acids
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True
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To what class do biological compounds do enzymes belong
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Protein
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Define dehydration reaction
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When a monomer is added to a chain a water molecule is released. involves removing water
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Hydrolysis reaction
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Cells break down bonds between monomers by adding water to them. involves water used to break down the polymer
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Examples of foods that are high in carbohydrates
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Beans, fruits, nuts, ect.
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Examples of foods that are high in lipids
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Milk, oil, nuts, ect.
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Examples of foods that are high in proteins
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Cheese, tuna, Turkey, ect.
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what's the major function of carbohydrates in animals and plants?
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animals is energy
plants are energy storage and plant cellular structure |
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the major function of lipids in an organisms are?
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cell membrane development, storing energy, and cushion for organs
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the major functions of proteins in organisms are
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act as enzymes, make up muscles, hair and fur, and provide long-term nutrient storage in cells
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define kinetic energy
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energy of motion
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define potential energy
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energy of position, or stored energy
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Define coenzyme
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Non protein molecule that helps enzymes in reactions
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