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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Does situational perspective have universal or absolute standards?
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Universal.
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situational sperspective
I. What are the 6 situational or contextual factors that can/may be considered when a person is trying to judge the ethics of the situation? (pg. 71). |
1. The role of the function of the communication for the audience(listener or reader). 2. Audience standers concerning reasonableness and appropriation 3. Degree of audience awareness of the communicator technique. 4. Degree of urgency for implication of the commutator proposal. 5. Audience goals and values. 6. Audience standers for ethical communication
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Beforemoving on, think about this situation and how it applies to the six stepsabove. Congress has the power to declarewar, but after September 11, President Bush sent troops over to Iraq and usedthe rhetoric “the War on Terror.” Applythis scenario to the above
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What are the 6 situational or contextual factors that can/may be considered when a person is trying to judge the ethics of the situation? (pg. 71). |
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I. In a pure situational ethicssituation, everything is dependent on the situation, so there is no need tohave a basic idea/sense of what is right and wrong (others would say thatinstead of basing everything on situation to situation, we carry around a basicsense of right and wrong). In your ownwords, which two theorists disagree with the pure situational perspective andwhy? |
1. John Merrill- it lose all meaning asethics. “ if every case is different , if every situation demands a different standard,if there are no absolutes in ethics , then we should scrap the wholesubject and simply be satisfied thateach person runs there life by his whimsor consideration2.
Bert Bradley- situation ethics isextremely vulnerable because it requires high degree of sophistication, reasoning objectivity in analysis and anunusual breath of perspectives to exist in combination with a singleindividual. These three really occur in a single human. |
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Think back to the Toyota case study. 1. What is Martinson’s perspective ofhow PR professionals should respond in this situation? |
He believes One must apply the same rules/principals to himself or herself that he or she would apply to others. PR should not set aside morals and think of them as situational. To suggest that Circumstances are a consideration in applying ethical principles is a far cry from contending that situations are unique, so morals are useless
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To summarize, Digg believes that the role theperson is playing in the situation will affect the criteria that isapplied. So my role as teacher couldimpact the ethics of the situation.
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1. We should consider the degree to which we or another person |
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What are Digg’s guidelines for assessing the role of the person speaking? |
1. Has a right to communicate on the subject (has Adequate knowledge of the subject and of the audience needs and responsibilities). 2. Has an obligation to communicate the subject (perhaps due to role possession of vitally needed information). 3. Use morally right communicative means. 4. Urges the wise and right course. 5. Demonstrates good reasons for the adopting the view advocated.
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1. In what ways can the receiver of the communication be at fault forunethical communication?
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Being gullible, too open minded, or close minded.
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I. ? Fletcherbelieves that ___Abosolute_______ should always be used to guide behavior. This is consistent with the ______Situational______________perspective. What are ethics four elements one can use to analyze a situation?
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1. When 2. Where 3. Which 4.
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I. Alinsky believes that all truths andvalues are __Relative______________. So would he agree or disagreewith an absolute truth? |
No he believes we must Alinsky argues our own interest in the issue can actually impact our view on ethics and values. This is how people make war justifiable. Much of his principles are influenced by this basic idea.
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(pg. 76). For yournotes and in case you decide to use this in the future to apply to a case, goahead and paraphrase Alinsky’s 11 rules.
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1. One concern with ethics of the means and endvaries inversely with ones personal inters in the issue when ours interest arefar from conflict we can afford luxury and morality 2. The judgment of ethics of means isdependent upon the political positions of those sitting judgment. 3. In war the end justifies almost anymeans. 4. Judgment must be made in context ofthe time in which the actions occur and not from any other chronologicalvantage point. 5. The concern of ethics increase withthe number of means available and vice versa. Morals question may enter when wehave the opportunity to chooses among equality effective alternatives. 6. The less important the end desired,the more one can afford to engage in ethical evaluation of means. 1. 7. Generally, success or failure ismighty determinant of ethics, A successful outcome may allow the suspect meansto be renationalized as ethical. 8. The morality of a means depends upon whetherthe means is being employed at times of imminent defeat of imminent victory.The same means used when victory is assured may be acceptable immoral but whenused in desperate circumstances may be acceptable. 9. Anyeffective means automatically is judged by the opposition as unethical. 10. Youdo what you can and clothe it with morals 11. Goalsmust be phrased in powerful general terms such a liberty, equality
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Power is not only what you have butwhat the enemy thinks you have. |
1. Never go outside the experience. They will be unable to do so and be exposed 2. Whenever possible go outside of the enemy experiences of the enemy, attempt to cause confusion, and fear. 3. Make the enemy live up to their own book of rules and they will be unable to do so and be exposed. 4. A good tactic is one that your people enjoy. 5. The that is usually more terrifying then the thing itself.
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