Chapter 6

the system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement

the bones of the body

tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part

tissue that connects bone to bone

tissue that connects muscle to bone

the bony structure of the head

the top, back and sides of the skul

the lower jaw-bone

the two fused bones forming the upper jaw

the nose bones

the bony structures around the eyes, they eye sockets

bones that form the structure of the cheeks

the thirty-three bones of the spinal column

the chest

the breastbone

the superior portion of the sternum

the inferior portion of the sternum, breastbone

the basin-shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities

the superior and widest portion of the pelvis

the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

the medial anterior portion of the pelvis

the pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint.

the large bone of the thigh

the kneecap

the medial and larger bone of the lower leg

the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

protrusion on the side of the ankle. The lateral malleolus, at the lower end of the fibula, is seen on the outer ankle. The medial malleolus, at the lower end of the tibia, is seen on the inner ankle.

the ankle bones

the foot bones

the heel bone

the toe bones and finger bones

the collarbone

the shoulder blade

the highest portion of the shoulder

the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet

the bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder and the elbow

the lateral bone of the forearm

the medial bone of the forearm

the wrist bones

the hand bones

the point where two bones come together

muscle that can be consciously controlled`

muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled

specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart

the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own

the system of nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide. Also called the pulmonary system

the area directly posterior to the mouth

the area directly posterior to the nose

the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. It is made up of the oropharynyx and the nasopharynx.

a leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter form entering the trachea

the voice box

the ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx

the windpipe, the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs

the organs where the exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waster carbon dioxide take place

the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. There are right and left bronchi. Singular: Bronchus

the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place

the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. A major muscle of respiration.

an active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs

an active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs.

the process of moving gasses (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood.

the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells

the system made up of the heart (cardio) and the blood vessels (vascular): the circulatory system

the two upper chambers of the heart. There is a right atrium (which receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body) and a left atrium (which receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs). Singular: atrium.

the two lower chambers of the heart. There is a right ventricle (which sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs) and a left ventricle (which sends oxygen-rich blood to the body)

the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. These two major veins return blood from the body to the right atrium. Singular: Vena cava

a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction

a system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat.

any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart

blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart (myocardium)

the largest artery in the body. It transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation.

the vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

the large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood from the heart to the head

the major artery supplying the leg

artery of the upper arm; the site of the pulse checked during infant CPR

artery of the lower arm; the artery felt when taking the pulse at the thumb side of the wrist

artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle

artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe.

the smallest kind of artery

a thin-walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon and nutrient/waster exchange with the body's cells takes place.

the smallest kind of vein

any blood vessel returning blood to the heart

the vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

the fluid portion of the blood

components of the blood. They carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cells

components of the blood. they produce substances that help the body fight infection

components of the blood. membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells

the rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries

the radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses, which can be felt at peripheral (outlying) points of the body.

the cartid and femoral pulses, which can be felt in the central part of the body.

the pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels. Usually arterial blood pressure (the pressure in the artery) is measured. There are two parts: diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure.

the pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation.

the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling

the supply of oxygen and nutrients to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of flow of blood through the capillaries.

inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. A life-threatening condition. Also called shock.

the system composed of organs, tissues, and vessels that help to maintain the fluid balance of the body and contribute to the body's immune system.

the system of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought.

the brain and spinal cord

the nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord.

the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions.

system by which food travels through the body and is digested, or broken down into absorbable forms

muscular sac between the esophagus and the small intestine where digestion of food begins.

the muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, which receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion. Nutrients are absorbed by the body through its walls.

the muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed by the body toward excretion from the body

the largest organ of the body, which produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body

a sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver

a gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the doudenum of the small intestine

an organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for reserves of blood

a small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, the function of which is not well understood. Its inflammation, called appendicitis, is a common cause of abdominal pain.

the layer of tissue between the body and the external environment

the outer layer of skin

the inner (second) layer of skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves, found beneath the epidermis.

the layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis

system of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions

a hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics

a hormone produced by the body. As a medication, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions.

the body system that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood. Also called the urinary system

organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in the body

the round saclike organ of the renal system used as a reservoir for urine

tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder

tubes connecting the bladder to the vagina or penis for excretion of urine.

the body system that is responsible for human reproduction

the male organs of reproduction used for the production of sperm

the organ of male reproduction responsible for sexual intercourse and the transfer of sperm

egg-producing organs within the female reproductive system

female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus

the female organ of reproduction used for both sexual intercourse and as an exit from the uterus for the fetus