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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In the pediatric patient, what physiologic differences affect core drug knowledge?
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-immature body systems and organs.
-Greater fluid composition -smaller size. |
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In pharmacotherapeutics for a pediatric patient, what is the major difference between a child and an adult?
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Appropriate drug dosage for different age groups. Most drugs have not been tested on children and therefore more scripts are off label
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How is distribution of durgs different in children than in adults?
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-children have higher conc. of H20 and lower conc. of fat.=water soluble diluted to greater degree= lower blood conc.
-produce fewer plasma proteins, leaving more free drug |
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Education of parents of children receiving drug therapy.
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-generic and trade names
-raionale for drug therapy -description of intended drug effect -route by which it will be administered -schedule it will be administered -potential adverse effects -special drug-related precautions or restrictions |
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You patient, age 4 years, is hospitalized with appendicitis. Which of the following should be doen to reduce this patients anxiety about receiving an IM injection.
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-demonstrate drug therapy to the patient using a rag doll.
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When administering drug therapy to an adolescent, the nurse should:
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offer explanations and teaching directly to the adolescent
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which of the following nursing actions would be most significant when administering medication to a pediatric patient.
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-weigh the child
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The first trimester is the critical period of
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organogenesis
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A bllllaaaannnk effect causes physical defects in the developing fetus
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teratogenic
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During pregnancy, the pharmacodynamic of a drug must be carefully considered because of changes in the
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cardiovascular system
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Distribution of drugs is altered during pregnancy because of
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-hemodynamic changes.
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Which of the following patients is most likely to experience teratogenic effects from drug therapy?
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The patient in her first trimester of pregnancy
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Your pregnant patient has recurrent headaches. She states she has tried pharmacological interventions, but is unable to obtain relief. Which of the following analgesics would be best during your patients pregnancy
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-acetaminophen
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FDA pregnancy categories
Category A |
Human studies in pregnant women fail to demonstrate a risk to the fetus
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FDA pregnancy categories
Category B |
Animal studies fail to demonstrate fetal risk, but there are no controlled human studies in pregnant women
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FDA pregnancy categories
Category C |
Drugs are given if benefit justifies the risk to the fetus.
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FDA pregnancy categories
Category D |
Used in life threatening situations
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FDA pregnancy categories
Category X |
Fetal risk outweighs potential benefit.
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T/ F
Nonadherence is the inability to follow a recommended drug therapy regimen |
True
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T/F
A patient who responds with hyperactivity to a drug that normally causes sedation has an adverse effect known as idiosyncratic excitement |
F.
Paradoxical Excitement |
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T/F
The practice of one patient taking several drugs simultaneously is called drug abuse. |
False
polypharmacy |
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T/F
An older adult is any patient older than 65 years with a debilitating medical problem. |
False
Frail edlerly is all people older than 65 years who have one or more debilitating conditions. |
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Because of age-related changes in the body, absorption of drugs in the elderly
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-delays the onset of action
They have increased gastic pH, decreased rate of blood flow, decreased motility, and reduced body surface area. |
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In the elderly patient, the dosage of fat soluble drugs may need to be
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decreased
They have increased body fat, which increases distributing, prolonging the distribution phase, half life and increased duration of action. The concentration is lower in the blood than in tissue and one can expect a greater response to the drug and greater likely hood of adverse effects than in young adults. |
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Which of the following may occur as a result of physiologic changes in the elderly patients metabolism?
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-increased half-life
Livers efficiency gradually declines. Size decreases (hepatocytes), cardiac output declines and blood flow to liver declines, and their ability to metabolize is reduced. Bcause it is slowed, drug blood levels are higher an drug halflives are extended. |
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An 84 year old woman had surgery to repair a broken hip. Morphine, a narctoic, has been ordered for her pain relief. The order states that she may 4 to 10mg every four hours as needed. If giving the first does of the pain medication to the patient, the nurse should select
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4mg
-because of the less effective blood-brain barrier, older adults may be more vulnerable to CNS adverse effects. |
