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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
serous membranes |
double layer epithelial membrane that is closed to the exterior, lines the walls or cavities that surround the viscera and cover the viscera. |
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parietal layer |
outer serous epithelial membrane that lines the walls or cavities, folds back on itself to form the visceral layer. |
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visceral layer |
inner serous epithelial membrane that lines the visceral |
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serous fluid |
fluid between the parietal layer when it folds on itself, lubricant prevents the viscera from sticking to the cavity |
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pericardium |
heart, parietal and visceral, serous membrane |
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peritoneum |
abdominal region, parietal and visceral, serous membrane |
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pleural |
lungs, parietal and visceral, serous membrane |
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mucous membranes |
epithelial membrane that is exposed to the outside, secretes a substance that aids to absorbs or trap particles |
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cutaneous membrane |
epithelial membrane pertaining to the skin |
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connective membrane |
synovial membranes found in synovial joints |
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covering |
characteristic of skin that is the mechanical barrier for the body between the internal environment from the external environment |
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temperature regulator |
characteristic of skin that aids the body for maintaining optimal body temperature for homeostatic balances |
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provides protection |
characteristic of skin that absorbs harmful rays such as UV rays |
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prevents water loss |
characteristic of skin that contains proteins and lipids that lock moisture inside of the body |
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houses sensory receptors |
characteristic of skin that possesses specialized nerve endings and general free nerve endings to provide information about the environment |
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excretes wastes |
characteristic of skin that aids to remove metabolic wastes and excessive electrolytes through pores of the skin |
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synthesizes chemicals |
characteristic of the skin that aids the body to absorb calcium by synthesizing vitamin D |
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epidermis |
top region of the skin that consists of stratified squamous cells and specialized cells, lacks blood vessels |
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basal strata |
deepest epidermal layer that touches the basement membrane, only layer that is vascular due the blood vessels in the dermal region and is able to undergo mitosis to create new epidermal cells |
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melanocytes |
specialized cells that are located int he basal strata with extension that invade in the other layers of the epidermis, produces melanin which helps contribute to skin color and absorbs harmful rays to protect the body |
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spinosum strata |
epidermal layer right above the basal strata that contains the newly divided cells |
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granulosum strata |
epidermal layer above the spinosum strata that consists of cells that are starting to die since the epidermis has no blood vessels, granules start to appear and be visible in the cytoplasm |
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avascular |
no blood vessels |
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corneum strata |
epidermal top layers that has dead cells containing keratin |
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keratin |
protein that serves to prevent water loss from the skin |
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lucidum strata |
epidermal layer that is only present in the thicker parts of the skin such as the soles of feet and palms of hands, it is between the granulosum and corneum and causes the corneum to become thicker |
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dermis |
intermediate region of the skin that consists of loose connective tissue and accessory structures of the skin such as hair follicle, sebaceous gland, sweat gland, blood vessels, nerve fibers, sensory fibers, collagen, elastic fibers |
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papillary region |
superior region of the dermis and binds to the basement membrane of the epidermis, contains free nerve endings that radiate into the epidermis to detect all types of stimuli |
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dermal papillae |
in papillary region of dermis that is the uneven edge of the dermis that connects to the basement membrane |
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meissner's corpuscle |
in the papillary region of dermis, a modified nerve ending that detects light touch. |
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reticular region |
inferior region of the dermis that contains most of the accessory structure of the skin, contains the modified nerve endings call pacinian corpuscle |
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pacinian corpuscle |
modified nerve ending in the reticular region of dermis, detects mechanical or heavy pressure |
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subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) |
deepest region of skin below the dermis that contains the loose connective tissue, insulating adipose tissue, and major blood vessels. it binds the skin to underlying organs |
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skin color determinants |
hemoglobin, genetics, environmental, physiological |
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genetic factor |
skin color determinant that melanin size and color is determined and controlled by genes |
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environmental factor |
skin color determinant that outside factors such as sun exposure, diet, and light exposure from X-rays can affect the melanin production and pigments from vegetables such as beta carotene can be displayed on the skin |
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physiological factor |
skin color determinant that circulation in the dermal blood vessels and whether or not the blood vessels dilate or constrict and temporarily affect skin tone |
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hair follicle |
accessory structure of the skin that has a growing region called the hair bulb or hair root, located in reticular region of dermis, provides warmth and protection, color is determined by melanin |
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arrector pili |
dermal muscle attached to the hair follicle and moves the hair follicle |
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sebum |
oily substance produced by the sebaceous gland that is lateral to the hair follicle, makes the hair shaft and skin soft and pliable as well as waterproof, decreases the pH value of the skin in order to reduce the microbes on the skin |
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sweat glands |
removes excessive heat, wastes, and inhibit microbes |
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sweat |
water, metabolic wastes, and electrolytes |
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eccrine sweat gland |
small glands that are widespread and responds to heat and stress |
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apocrine sweat gland |
large glands usually attached to hair follicles, located in the auxiliary and groin regions, responds to heat, stress, emotional/sexual arousal. |
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ceruminous gland |
modified sweat gland that is located in the ear canal, produces wax to trap particles in the ear canal |
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mammary glands |
modified sweat gland located in the thoracic region and produce milk |
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regulation of body temperature |
vital for maintaining metabolic reactions |
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excessive heat exposure |
sweat glands activated to remove excess heat and moisture to the surface of the skin, dermal blood vessels dilate to increase amount of heat escaping the skin |
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excessive cooling exposure |
sweat gland deactivated, dermal blood vessels constrict to keep heat close to body, arrector pili muscles contract to generate heat and cause hair follicle to stand straight to trap heat to the surface of the skin |
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first degree burn (partial burn) |
injury to epidermis, example is sunburn |
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second degree burn (partial burn) |
injury to the epidermis and dermis, example is cooking burn |
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third degree burn (full thickness burn) |
injury to all three regions of skin |
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rule of nine |
method of calculating how much body fluid and electrolytes are lost due to the burn |
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lacerations |
cuts to the skin |
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basal cell carcinoma |
cancer induced by chronic sun exposure and that occurs when some of the basal strata cells become cancerous, elevated and fluid filled lesions and tumor cells invade the dermis but does not metastasize |
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squamosal carcinoma |
cancer induced by chronic sun exposure and affects the spinosum strata of the skin, flat and scaly lesions, can spread to lymph nodes |
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melanoma |
cancer induced by intense exposure to the sun and damages the melanocytes |