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188 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
hematopoeisis |
blood production |
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orthopedics |
branch of medicine involved in prevention and correction of deformities or diseases of the musculoskeletal system |
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orthopedist |
specialist who originally aligned children's bones and corrected deformities - now treats musculoskeletal disorders of people in all ages |
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musculoskeletal |
pertaining to the muscles and skeleton |
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cranium, crani/o |
skull |
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costa, cost/o |
rib |
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sternum, stern/o |
breastbone |
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spine, rachi/o, spin/o |
backbone |
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vertebrae, spondyl/o, vertebr/o |
spinal bones in general |
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cervical (vertebrae), cervic/o |
spinal bone in the neck |
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thoracic (vertebrae), thorac/o |
spinal bone |
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lumbar (vertebrae), lumb/o |
spinal bone |
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sacrum (sacral vertebrae), sacr/o
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spinal bone |
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coccyx (coccygeal vertebrae), coccyg/o |
spinal bone, tail bone
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clavicle, clavicul/o |
collarbone |
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scapula, scapul/o |
shoulder blade |
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humerus, humer/o |
upper arm bone |
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radius, radi/o |
forearm bone |
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ulna, uln/o |
forearm bone |
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carpals, carp/o |
wrist bones |
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metacarpals, metacarp/o |
bones of the hand |
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phalanges, phalang/o |
bones of the fingers |
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pelv/i |
pelvis |
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ili/o |
ilium (pelvic bone) |
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ischi/o |
ischium (pelvic bone) |
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pub/o |
pubis (pelvic bone) |
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femur, femor/o |
thigh bone |
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patella, patell/o |
kneecap |
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fibula, fibul/o |
lower leg bone |
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tibia, tibi/o |
lower leg bone |
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tarsals, tars/o |
ankle bones |
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calcaneus, calcane/o |
heel bone |
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metatarsals, metatars/o |
bones of the feet |
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phalanges, phalang/o |
bones of the toes |
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osteoid |
resembling bone |
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calcification |
process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by deposits of calcium |
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decalcification |
loss of calcium |
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cranial |
pertaining to the skull |
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facial |
pertaining to your face |
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rachiodynia, rachialgia |
painful spine |
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cerebrospinal fluid |
spinal fluid, clear colorless liquid that circulates through the brain and spinal canal |
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intervertebral |
between two adjoining vertebrae |
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cervix |
(in the uterus somewhere) the combining form is cervic/o which could also mean the neck |
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lumbago |
general term for a dull, aching pain in the lower back |
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thoracolumbar |
refers to inferior thoracic vertebrae and superior lumbar vertebrae as a group |
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sacral |
pertaining to the sacrum |
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coccygeal |
pertaining to the tail bone |
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myelitis |
inflammation of either the spinal cord or bone marrow |
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myelofibrosis |
replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue |
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osteomyelitis |
inflammation of the bone and the bone marrow |
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myeloencephalitis |
inflammation of the brain and spinal cord |
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thorax |
upper part of the trunk or cage of bone and cartilage and containing the principal organs of respiration and circulation and covering part of the abdominal organs |
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sternal |
pertaining to the breastbone |
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thoracic cage |
bony framework that surrounds the organ and soft tissues of the chest - consists of the sternum, ribs, and vertebrae |
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costal |
refers to the costae or ribs |
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intercostal |
between the ribs |
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subcostal |
below a rib or the ribs |
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substernal |
indicates a location or position below the sternum |
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sternocostal |
pertains to the sternum and the ribs |
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vertebrocostal |
pertains to a rib and a vertebrae |
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costovertebral |
pertaining to a rib |
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sternoclavicular |
pertains to the clavicle and sternum |
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clavicular |
pertains to the clavicle |
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scapular |
refers to the scapula |
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pelvic |
pertaining to the pelvis |
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iliac |
refers to the ilium |
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ischial |
refers to the ischium |
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pubic |
pertaining to the pubis |
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iliopubic |
refers to the ilium and the pubis |
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ischiopubic |
pertaining to the ischium and the pubis |
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ischiococcygeal |
pertaining to the ischium and coccyx |
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humeroscapular |
refers to the humerus and scapula |
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humeroulnar |
refers to both the humerus and the ulna |
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ulnar |
pertaining to the ulna |
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humeral |
pertaining to the humerus |
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radial |
pertaining to the radius |
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carpus |
wrist |
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carpectomy |
excision of one or more bones of the wrist |
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carpal tunnel syndrome |
complex of symptoms resulting from pressure on the median nerve in the carpal tunnel of the wrist |
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carpophalangeal |
refers to the wrists and bones of the phalanges |
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phalanx |
singular of phalanges |
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phalangitis |
inflammation of the bones of the fingers or toes |
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ischiofemoral |
pertains to the ischium and the femur |
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femoral |
pertaining to the femur |
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patellofemoral |
refers to the patella or kneecap, and the femur |
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tibialgia |
pain of the tibia (also the tibia is larger than the fibula) |
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tarsus |
ankle (contains 7 bones) - also refers to a curved plate of dense tissue that forms the supporting structure of the eyelid |
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ankyl/o |
stiff |
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arthr/o |
articulation, joint |
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-asthenia |
weakness |
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burs/o |
bursa |
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calc/i |
calcium |
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cellul/o |
little cell or compartment |
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chondr/o |
cartilage |
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de- |
down, from, or reversing |
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meta- |
change or next in a series |
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-sarcoma |
malignant tumor of connective tissue |
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ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o |
tendon |
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cartilage |
specialized type of dense connective tissue that is elastic but strong and can withstand considerable pressure or tension |
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chondral |
pertaining to cartilage |
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subchondral |
beneath the cartilage |
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vertebrochondral |
pertaining to a vertebra and its adjacent cartilage |
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costochondral, chondrocostal |
pertaining to a rib and its cartilage |
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visceral, involuntary muscle |
smooth muscle found in the internal organs |
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abductors |
muscle responsible for abduction |
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adductors |
muscle responsible for adduction |
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fascia |
fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles |
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tendons |
bands of strong fibrous tissue that attach the muscles to the bones |
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articulation |
place of union between two or more bones |
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synovial joints |
joints that have cavities between articulating bones |
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synonium |
synovial membrane |
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bursae |
sacs of fluid located in ares of friction, especially in the joints |
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extension |
straightens the limb |
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flexion |
bends the limb |
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rotation |
movement of a bone around its own axis |
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circumduction |
circular movement at the far end |
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ligaments |
strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones or cartilage and serve to support and strengthen bones |
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fibromyalgia |
disorder characterized by widespread nonarticular pain of the torso, extremities, and face
|
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myofibrosis |
tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue |
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myasthenia gravis |
characterized by fatigue and muscle weakness resulting from a defect in the conduction of nerve impulses |
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dislocation |
displacement of a bone from a joint |
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fracture |
breaking of the bone usually from sudden injury |
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sprain |
injury to a joint that causes pain and disability with the severity depending on the degree of injury to ligaments or tendons |
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strain |
excessive use of a part of the body to the extent that it is injured or trauma to a muscle caused by violent contraction or excessive forcible stretch |
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myocele (fascial hernia) |
condition in which muscle protrudes through its fascial covering |
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tendinitis (tendonitis) |
inflammation of a tendon |
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herniated disk |
disks between vertebrae become diseased, sometimes rupture |
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paraplegia |
paralysis of the lower portion of the body and of both legs |
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quadriplegia (tetraplegia) |
paralysis of arms and legs |
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paresis |
motor weakness or partial paralysis |
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paraparesis |
partial paralysis of the lower limbs |
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quadriparesis (tetraparesis) |
affects all four extremities, motor weakness or partial paralysis |
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cellulitis |
acute, spreading inflammation of the deep subcutaneous tissues |
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myocellulitis |
cellulitis that also involves the muscle |
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osteitis |
inflammation of the bone and may be caused by infection, degeneration, or trauma |
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osteochondritis |
inflammation of bone and cartilage and tends to attack the bone-forming centers of skeleton |
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sarcomas |
cancers that arise from connective tissue such as muscle or bone |
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chondrosarcoma |
composed of masses of cartilage |
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fibrosarcoma |
malignant tumor containing much fibrous tissue |
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leukemias |
chronic or acute diseases of the blood-forming tissues characterized by unrestrained growth of leukocytes and their precursors - classified according to the predominant cell type and the severity of the disease |
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Multiple myeloma |
disease characterized by the presence of many tumor masses in the bone and bone marrow |
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osteitis deformans (Paget disease) |
skeletal disease of elderly persons characterized by chronic bone inflammation |
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osteomalacia |
reversible skeletal disorder characterized by a defect in the mineralization of bone |
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spondylomalacia |
softening of the vertebrae |
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osteoporosis |
metabolic disease in which reduced bone mass leads to subsequent fractures |
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spina bifida |
congenital abnormality characterized by defective closure of the bones of the spine |
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scoliosis |
lateral curvature of the spine |
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kyphosis |
exaggerated curvature of the spine from front to back |
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muscular dystrophy |
group of inherited diseases characterized by weakness, atrophy of muscle without involvement of the nervous system, and progressive disability and loss of strength |
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craniocele |
hernial protrusion of the brain through a defect in the skull |
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tarsoptosis |
flatfoot |
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Arthritis |
any inflammatory condition of the joints characterized by pain, heat, swelling, redness, and limitation of movement |
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osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease, DJD) |
form of arthritis in which one or many joints undergo degenerative changes, particularly loss of articular cartilage |
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rheumatoid arthritis (RA) |
chronic, systemic disease that often results in joint deformities, particularly of the hands and feet |
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rheumatism |
general term for acute and chronic conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and by pain in joints and associated structures |
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spondylarthritis |
inflammation of a vertebra, arthritis of the spine |
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rheumatoid spondylarthritis |
inflammation of cartilage between the vertebrae and can eventually cause neighboring vertebrae to fuse |
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ankylosis |
abnormal condition in which a joint is immobile and stiff |
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Polyarthritis |
inflammation of more than one joint |
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arthralgia, arthrodynia |
painful joint |
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bursitis |
inflammation of a bursa, but does not necessarily include joint inflammation |
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Lupus erythematosus (LE) |
autoimmune disease that involves connective tissue |
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gout |
painful metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis - hereditary - characterized by inflammation of the joints - results form hyperuricemia |
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hyperuricemia |
excessive urates in the blood? |
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arthroscopy |
direct visualization of the interior of a joint using a special fiberoptic endoscope |
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arthroscope |
special fiberoptic endoscope |
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arthrotomy |
incision of a joint |
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arthropathy |
any disease of a joint |
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reduction |
pulling the broken fragments into alignment |
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anti-osteoporotics |
drugs used to treat osteoporosis |
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vertebroplasty |
cement-like substance is injected into the body of a fractured vertebra to stabilize and strengthen it and immediately remove pain |
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bunionectomy |
excision of a bunion |
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ostectomy (osteectomy) |
excision of a bone |
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costectomy |
excision of a rib |
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craniotomy |
incision into the skull |
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craniectomy |
excision of a segment of the sull |
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cranioplasty |
plastic surgery to repair the skull |
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chondrectomy |
excision of cartilage |
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tendoplasty |
surgical repair of tendon
|
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myoplasty |
surgical repair of muscle |
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tenomyoplasty |
surgical repair of tendon and muscle |
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laminectomy |
surgical removal of the bony posterior arch of a vertebra to permit surgical access to the disk so that the herniated material can be removed |
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diskectomy |
complete excision of an intervertebral disk |
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antiinflammatories |
used to reduce inflammation and pain, especially drugs classified as nonsteroidal antiiflammatory drugs (NASAIDs) - examples: aspirin, ibuprofen |
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antiarthritics |
various forms of therapy that relieve the symptoms of arthritis |
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arthrocentesis |
extraction of excessive fluid which can accumulate in a synovial joint after injury |
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arthroplasty |
any surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint |
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myelosuppression |
bone marrow destruction? - cancer treatment often induces this condition |