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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Genetics
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the study of heredity(inheritance)
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Blending
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You have 2 different parents and their traits were blended in the offspring
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Genotype
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The genetic makeup of an organism
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Probability
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The likelyhood of how something will turn out
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Trait
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A characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring genetically
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Dominant
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Trait that appears in the F1 or is uppercase
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Recessive
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Trait that is not expressed in the F1's of the P1 purebreed cross
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Mendel
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Monk who lived in the 1800's, applied mathematics and meticulous data keeping to his work with pea plants, and was interested in the inheritance of traits
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Purebred
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An organism that inherits the same genetic traits from both parents
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Genes
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A section of a chromosome that codes for a trait
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Homozygous
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Having identical alleles for one trait
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Heterozygous
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Having on of each type of allele for a two-allele trait
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Hybrid
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Recieves different genetic traits from each parent
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Allele
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One or two or more forms of a gene
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Mendel's Laws
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Segregation: alleles of genes seperate when gametes form from the seperation of homologous pairs
Independent Assortment: Traits are inherited independently of one another as gene pairs seperate randomly Dominance: the dominant allele is expressed and the recessve allele is hidden if both are present |
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Punnett Square
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A rectangular display of all possible gamete combinations of offspring for a trait or set of traits
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Test Cross
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To know the genotype of an organism(homozygous dominant or heterozygous) you can cross it with a homozygous recessive and count the results
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F1
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The first generation of offspring or first filial
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F2
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The second generation of offspring
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Dihybrid
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The crossing of two traits
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P
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The purebreed parent generation
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Pedigree
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A chart that shows how a trait and the genes that control it are inherited within a family
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Incomplete dominance
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When neither inherited allele dominates in the offspring and they are each partially expressed
Ex: red x white snapdragons=pink snapdragons |
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Codominance
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Both alleles in the heterozygous offspring express themselves fully
Ex:blood type |
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Polygenic
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Traits controlled by two or more genes
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Multiple Alleles
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If a trait has more than two alleles
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Pleiotrophy
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When a single gene affecrs more than one trait or an entire organism
Ex: sickle cell anemia |
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Carrier
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When the trait is not expressed but they carry the gene
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