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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Conversation |
The essence of interpersonal communication. |
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Conversation Principle |
1. Opening 2. Feedforward 3. Business 4. Feedback 5. Closing |
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Conversational turns |
Cues for communication. |
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Metacommunication |
Takes place through subtle cues. |
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Turn-maintaning Cues |
Communicate your wish to maintain the role of speaker. |
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Turn-yielding Cues |
Tell the listener that the speaker is finished and wishes to exchange the role of speaker and listener. |
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Turn-requesting Cues |
Let the speaker know that you would like to say something. |
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Turn-denying Cues |
Indicate your reluctance to assume the role of speaker. |
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Backchanneling Cues |
Used to communicate various types of information without assuming the role of speaker. "Acknowledgment tokens" |
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Backchanneling Cues list |
1. Indicate agreement or disagreement 2. Indicate degree of involvment 3. To pace the speaker 4. To ask for clarification |
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Interruptions |
Attempts to take over the role of speaker. |
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Dialogue |
Each speaker is both speaker and listener. |
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Monologue |
One person speaks and the other listens. No real interaction between the two. |
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Immediacy |
The creation of closeness, a sense of togetherness, oneness, between speaker and listener. |
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Self-disclose |
Reveal something significant about yourself. |
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Principle of Immediacy |
1. Self-disclosure 2. Refer the the other person's good qualities. 3. Express positive view of the other person and of your relationship. 4. Talk about communication 5. Demonstrate your responsiveness 6. Express psychological closeness and openness. 7. Maintain appropriate eye contact. 8. Smile 9. Focus on the other person's remarks. |
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Principle of Flexibility |
1. Analyze the specific conversational situation. 2. Mindfully consider your available choices 3. Estimate the potential advantages and disadvantages. 4. Competently communicate your choice |
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Maxim of Tact |
Helps to maintain the other's autonomy. Do not impose on others or challenge their right to do as they please. |
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Maxim of Generosity |
Helps to confirm other person's importance. |
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Maxim of Approbation |
Refers to praising someone or complimenting the person in some way. |
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Maxim of Modesty |
Minimizes any praise or compliments you might receive. |
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Maxim of Agreement |
Refers to your seeking out areas of agreement and expressing them. |
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Maxim of Sympathy |
Refers to the expression of understanding, sympathy, empathy, and the like for the other person. |
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Guidelines for Small Talk |
1. Be positive 2. Be sensitive to leave-taking cues. 3. Stress similarities rather than differences 4. Answer questions with sufficient elaboration 5. Avoid monologuing 6. Choose topics carefully |
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Excuses |
Explanations that are designed to reduce any negative reactions to what you've said or done. |
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Types of Excuses |
1. Denial 2. Minimize 3. Qualify |
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Apologies |
Expressions of regret or sorrow for having said or done something that you most likely shouldn't have. |
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Compliment |
A message of praise, flattery, or congratulations. |
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Meta-advice |
Advice about advice. |
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Types of meta-advice |
1. To explore options and choices. 2. To seek expert advice 3. To delay decision |
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Giving advice |
1. Listen 2. Empathize 3. Be tentative 4. Offer options 5. Ensure understanding 6. Keep the interaction confidential 7. Avoid should statements |
