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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are astrocytes? |
Abundant,star shaped cells Brace neurons Form barrier between capillaries and neurons |
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What are Microglia? |
Spider-like phagocytes Dispose of debris |
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What are ependymal cells? |
Line cavities of the brain and spinal cord Circulate cerebrospinal fluid |
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What are oligodendrocytes? |
Wrap around nerve fibers in the central nervous system Produce myelin sheaths |
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What are satellite cells? |
They protect neuron cell bodies |
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What are Schwann cells? |
They form myelin sheath in the periphal |
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What are neurons? |
The nerve cells Specialized to transmit messages |
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Bipolar neurons |
Have two extensions coming from the cell body |
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Unipolar neurons |
Have a short and single extension coming from the cell body |
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What is irritability? |
Ability to respond to stimuli |
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What is conductivity? |
Ability to send impulses |
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What is depolarization |
The exchange of ions Depolarized by a stimulus |
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What are the lobes of the cerebrum? |
Frontal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe Pariental lobe |
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Where is the primary motor area located? |
In the frontal lobe |
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I. Olfactory nerve |
Purely sensory- helps with sense of smell |
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II. Optic nerve |
Purely sensory- helps with vision |
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III. Oculomotor nerve |
Supplies motor fibers Helps with muscles controlling lens shape and pupil size |
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What is the function of dendrites? |
Conduct impulses toward the cell body |
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IV. Trochlear nerve |
Supplies motor fibers for one external eye muscle |
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V. Trigeminal nerve |
Conducts sensory impulses from the skin of the face and the nose Contains motor fibers that activate chewing muscles |
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VI. Abducens nerve |
Supplies motor fibers so that the eye can roll laterally |
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VII. Facial nerve |
Used when you make facial expressions, also salivary glands Carries sensory impulses from the taste buds of anterior tongue |
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VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve |
Purely sensory; vestibular- carries impulses for balance Cochlear- carries impulses for hearing |
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IX. Glossopharyngeal nerve |
Supplies motor fibers to help with swallowing and saliva production |
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X. Vagus |
Carries sensory impulses to the pharynx, larynx, and the abdominal and thoracic viscera Helps regulate heart activity |
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XI. Accessory nerve |
Activates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles |
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XII. Hypoglossal nerve |
Control tongue movements |
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What are the layers of the cerebrum? |
Gray matter White matter Corpus callosom |
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What is the function of axons? |
Conduct impulses away from the cell body End in axonal terminals |
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What are the three parts of the Diencephalon? |
Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus |
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What are the parts of the brain stem? |
Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata |
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What does the hypothalamus help with |
Regulating body temperature Regulating metabolism And an important part of the limbic system ( emotions) |
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What does the primary motor area do? |
Sends impulses to skeletal muscles And is located in the frontal lobe |
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What main functions does the medulla oblongata control |
Heart rate control Blood pressure Breathing Swallowing Vomiting |
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What are the five protection layers of the central nervous system? |
Scalp and skin Skull and vertebral column Meninges( thin clear membrane) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Blood brain barrier |
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What is hydrocephalus? |
Also known as ( water head) CSF accumulates and exerts pressure on the brain of not allowed to drain |
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What substances can pass through the blood brain barrier? |
Fats and fat soluble molecules Respiratory gases Alcohol Nicotine Sleep meds... |
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What is worse a concussion or a contusion? |
A contusion is worse, more brain damage |
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How many pairs of spinal cord nerves are there? |
31pairs |
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What is the synaptic cleft? |
Gap between adjacent neurons |
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What is cauda equina? |
Is a collection of spinal nerves |
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What is the difference between somatic and autonomic? |
Somatic- only one motor neuron Autonomic- preganglionic and postganglionic nerves |
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What is one of the last areas of the brain to develop? |
The hypothalamus |
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When is the nervous system formed first? |
During the first month of embryonic development |
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What is synapse? |
Junction between nerves |
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What is the myelin sheath? |
A whitish,fatty material covering axons |
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Where are most of the neuron cell bodies found? |
In the central nervous system |
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What do sensory neurons do? |
Carry impulses from the sensory receptors to the (CNS) |
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Where are interneurons found? |
In neural pathways in the (CNS) |
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Multipolar neurons |
Have many extensions from the cell body |
