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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Acid Base Balance
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Delicate blance between the bodies acidity and alkalinity
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Active Transport
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A process used to move substances against the concentration gradient or toward the side that has a higher concentration. Requires energy by the cell but is faster than diffusion.
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Aldosterone
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A hormone responsible for the reabsorption of sodium and water from the kidney tubules.
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Anion
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A negativeley charged ion
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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
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A hormone released in response to LOSS OF BODY WATER . Prevents loss of water through the urinary tract by promoting the reabsorption of water into the blood.
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Anucleated
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Cells of the body that do not have a central nucleus such as those in cardiac muscle
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Atrophy
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Decrease in cell size that negativeley affects function
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Buffer Systems
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Compensatory mechanisms that act together to control Ph.
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Capsid
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Layer of protein enveloping the genome of a virion. Composed of structural units call the capsomeres.
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Capsule
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A membranous shell surounding certain microorganisms.
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Catabolism
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Process of breaking down complex substances into more simple ones
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Cation
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A positiveley charged ion
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Cellular Swelling
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Swelling of cellular tissues usually from injury
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Chromatin
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Matieral with a cell nucleus from which the chromosomes are formed.
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Cytosol
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Liquid medium of the cytoplasm
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Dehydration
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A state in which the body has an excessive water loss from the tissue.
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DNA
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Genetic material passed on to the cell from the parent cell.
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Diapedesis
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Migration of phagocytes through the endothelial wall of the casculature into surrounding tissue.
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Differentiation
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Process by which the cell becomes specialized for a specific purpose.
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Diffusion
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Spreading out of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower cocentration.
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Dysplasia
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Abnormal cell growth. Size shape and organization from on going irritation or inflammation.
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Edema
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A collection of water in the interstitial space.
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Endogenous
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Something that is produced within the organism.
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Endotoxin
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A substance contained in the cell wall of gram negative bacteria. Released during the destruction of the bacteria .
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Extra Cellular Fluid
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The fluid found outside the cells
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Faciiliated Diffusion
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Movement of substances across a membrane by binding to a helper protein integrated into the cell wall.
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Gangrenous necrosis
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Tissue death over a large area.
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Gene
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The Biologic unit of inheritance.
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Glycosis
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Process of by which glucose and other sugars are broken down.
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Gram Negative Bacteria
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Bacteria that do not retain the crystal violent stain
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Gram Positive Bacteria
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Bacteria that retain the violet stain used in the GRAM STAIN
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Homeostasis
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Balance. A stable enviorment in the human body
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Hormones
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Broad reaching chemical mediators relased in one part of the body but with an effect in another part of the body.
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Hydration
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Process of taking fluids in
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Hydrophilic
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Attracts Water Molecules
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HyDROPHOBIC
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Repels Water Molecules
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Hydrostatic Pressure
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Pressure exerted by a fluid from its weight.
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Hypercalcemia
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A state in which the body has high levels of calcium
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Hyperkalemia
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A state in which the body has an abnormally elevated potassium level
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Hypermagnesemia
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A state in which the body has high levels of magnesium
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Hyperplasia
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Abnormal cell division that increases the number of a specific type of cell.
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Hypertonic
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In a membrane, the side with the higher concentration in an imbalance in the ionic concentration from one side to another.
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Hypertrophy
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Enlargement or increase in the cell or tissue.
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Hypocalcemia
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Low level of calcium in the body
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Hypokalemia
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Low levels of potassium in the body
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Hypomagnesemia
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A stae in which the body low magnesium levels
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Hypotonic
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In a membrane the side with the lower concentraion when an imbalance exists in a ionic concentration.
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Incidence rate
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The rate of contraction of a disease versus how many are currently sick with the disease.
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Intercalated discs
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The cell to cell connection with gap junctions between cardiac muscle cells.
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Interstitial Compartment
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Area consisting of fluid out side cells and outside the circulatory system.
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Intracellular fluid
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fluid found inside the cells
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Intravascular Compartment
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area consisting of fluid outside cells but inside the circulatory system.
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Isotonic
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A balance in the ionic concentration from one side of the membrane to the other
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Lipid Accumulation
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Accumulation of lipids in cells usually as a result of the failure or inadequate performance of the enzymes that metabolizes fats
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Lymphedema
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Edema that follows when lymphatic pathways are blocked and fluid accumulates in the interstitial space.
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Margination
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Process of phagocytes adhering capilary and venule walls in the early stages of inflammation.
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Metabolism
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Sum of all physical and chemical changes that occur within an orgasnism.
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Metaplasia
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The transformation of one type of mature differentiated cell into another type of matire cell.
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Mitosis
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The process of cell division
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Mortality Rate
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The Number given of patients who have died from a disease in a given period.
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Mutate
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To change in an unusual way
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Mycoses
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Disease caused by a fungi
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Natural Killer Cells
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Specialized lymphocytes capable of killing infected or malignant cells
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NEuroglia
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Support cells that do not tramsit nerve impulses but are critical to proper function.
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Neuron
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A highly specialize cell responsible for converting stimuli into nerve impulses that move through the body.
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Normal Flora
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Non threatning bacteria found naturall in the human body that in some cases are nessasry for normal function
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Nuclear Envelope
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The other boundary between the nucleus and the rest of the cell to the endoplasmic reticulum for protein synthesis.
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Oncotic pressure
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The net effect of opposing osmotic pressures in the capilary beds.
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Organ
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A grouping of similary functioning tissues that work together to acomplish a certain functions. eg. the heart
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organelles
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Structures within cells that perform specialed functions
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Organism
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An entity composed of cells and capable of carrying on life functions
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Organ Systems
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The coordination of several organs working together.
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Osmolarity
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The number or concentration of solutes per liter of water
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Osmotic gradient
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the difference in the concentration from one side of a membrane to the other in the presence of an imblance in the ionic concentration.
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Osmotic Pressure
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The pressure exerted by the concentration of the solutes in a given space
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Phagocytes
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cells that are part of the body's immune system that play a predominant role in the destruction of invading microorganisms.
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Phospholipid Bilayer
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A double layer composed of THREE types of lipid molecules that comprise the plasma membrane.
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Plasma Membrane
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Outer surface of the cell
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Prevalence rate
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the fraction of the population that currently ha a certain disease
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Prokaryotes
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One of the kingdoms of cells. Simpler in structure and found in lower life forms such as bacteria.
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Pyrogenics
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Substances such as endotoxins that stimulate the body to produce a fever.
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Resistance
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THe ability of the body to defend itself against disease causing microorganisms.
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Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
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Genetic material responsible for ribosome production
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Saponification
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A form of necrosis in which fatty acids combine with certain electrolytes to form soaps.
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Septicemia
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a serious medical condition judghed by vasodilation that leads to hypo tension, tissue hypoxia, and eventually shock. Cuased by gram negative bacteria.
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Stem Cells
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Formative cells whose daughter cells may give rise to other cell types.
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Stimuli
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Anything that excites or incites an organism part to function become active or respond
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Susceptibility
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Vulnerability or weakness.
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Thirst Mechanism
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Sensation activated by cells in the hypothalamus .
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Tisue
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A group of cells that are similar in structure and function
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Transcellular compartment
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Compartment classified as extracellular but distinct becasue it is formed from the transport activites of cells.
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Virons
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Small particles of viruses
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Virulence
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A term to describe the relative pathogenicity or the relative ability to do damage to the host of an infectious agent.
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