Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Convex:
|
Rounded out
|
|
|
Concave:
|
Hollow, like a bowl. ex: radius and ulna bound by a ligament only.
|
|
|
Absorbs shock, and pressure, guide the bones across each other, reduce the chance of dislocation and distribute the force across the entire joint instead of just a few points of contact.
|
Menisci
|
|
|
Uniaxial:
|
Monoaxial
|
|
|
Latin articulus=
|
Joint
|
|
|
Two ways to classify joints:
|
The amount of movement in a joint and the kind of material making up the joint.
|
|
|
Synarthroses:
|
No movement (ex: sutures).
|
|
|
Amphiarthroses:
|
Slight movement (ex: pubic symphysis)
|
|
|
Diarthroses:
|
Free movement (ex: knee)
|
|
|
What are the 3 types of joints?
|
Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial.
|
|
|
There is no space between the bones in the joint:
|
Fibrous joints
|
|
|
A thin layer of ___ ___ tissue hold the bones together:
|
Fibrous connective
|
|
|
Sutures, syndesmoses and gomphosis:
|
Three "sub" types of fibrous joints
|
|
|
Immovable, occur only in the skull (ex: coronal suture):
|
Sutures
|
|
|
Found between the teeth and the alveolar process of the mandible and maxilla:
|
Gomphosis
|
|
|
Slightly moveable:
|
Syndesmoses
|
|
|
The fibrous part of the joint is the ___ ___:
|
Peridontal membrane (ligament)
|
|
|
Symphyses and Synchondroses:
|
The 2 types of cartilaginous joints
|
|
|
Amphiarthroses:
|
Cartilaginous joints
|
|
|
The occur when the bones are held together by cartilage:
|
Symphyses
|
|
|
Joints held together by alot of hyaline cartilage:
|
Synchondroses
|
|
|
The joint between the ribs and sternum is held together by:
|
Costal cartilage
|
|
|
Free movement and uses ligaments to hold bones firmly together:
|
Synovial joints
|
|
|
Holds the 2 bones together and completely surrounds the joint:
|
The joint (articular) capsule
|
|
|
Is the inner layer and lines the inside of the fibrous layer:
|
Synovial membrane
|
|
|
It is vascular and the synovial fluid is made from its blood:
|
Synovial membrane
|
|
|
Fills the joint cavity, lubricates the joint and nourishes the articular cartilage:
|
Synovial fluid
|
|
|
Covers the ends of the articulating bones and is made of hyaline cartilage with no nerves or blood vessels:
|
Articular cartilage
|
|
|
A small space between the articulating surfaces of 2 bones:
|
Joint (synovial) cavity
|
|
|
Allows bones to move across each other:
|
Joint (synovial) cavity
|
|
|
Menisci=
|
Articular disk
|
|
|
Pads of fibrocartilage found between the ends of 2 bones in some synovial joints:
|
Menisci
|
|
|
Tough fibrous bands that connect the 2 articulating bones:
|
Ligaments
|
|
|
Made of dense, white fibrous connective tissue with lots of collagenous fibers for strength and elastic fibers for flexability:
|
Ligaments
|
|
|
Flexable, doesn't limit range of motion:
|
Ligaments
|
|
|
Hold bones together, strengthens the articular capsule, acts as a sensory organ and guides movement at the joint:
|
Functions of ligaments
|
|
|
Uniaxial, biaxial and multiaxial:
|
The 3 types of synovail joints
|
|
|
Synovial joints are classified according to the number of ___ and ___ the bones move in:
|
Axis Planes
|
|
|
Allows movement in 1 axis and 1 plane:
|
Uniaxial
|
|
|
Have articular surfaces with 1 or more convex projections fitting into a concave surface:
|
Hinge joints
|
|
|
They allow flex and extention in 1 plane, the sagittal plane:
|
Hinge joints
|
|
|
Articular surfaces with a small rounded projection that turns within a concave depression:
|
Pivot joints
|
|
|
Allow the movement of rotation around a longitudinal axis:
|
Pivot joints
|
|
|
Allow movement in 2 axes and in 2 planes:
|
Biaxial
|
|
|
What are the 2 types of biaxial joints:
|
Saddle and condyloid joints
|
|
|
Have articular surfaces that are reciprocally concave-convex:
|
Saddle joints
|
|
|
An example of a saddle joint is between the:
|
carpal and metacarpal of the thumb
|
|
|
Have articular surfaces with an oval condyloid projection fitting into an elliptical concave depression:
|
Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joints
|
|
|
An example of this joint is the wrist joint between the radius and carpals:
|
Condyloid joints
|
|
|
Allow movement in 3 axes and in 3 planes:
|
Multiaxial
|
|
|
Has articular surfaces with a spherical surface on 1 bone moving in a socket in the other bone:
|
Ball and socket joint
|
|
|
Example of this joint is the shoulder and hip:
|
Ball and socket
|
|
|
Have articular surfaces that are almost flat:
|
Gliding joints
|
|
|
An example of this joint is between the:
|
Carpals and tarsals
|
|
|
1. Angular
2. Circular 3. Gliding 4. Special |
Types of movement at synovial joints
|
|
|
Change the size of the angle between the 2 articulating bones:
|
Angular movements
|
|
|
Bending a joint so that the angle decreases between the bones:
|
Flexion
|
|
|
Straightening a flexed joint so that the angle increases between the bones:
|
Extension
|
|
|
Moving the bone away from the body's medial plane:
|
Abduction
|
|
|
Moving the bone towards the body's medial plane:
|
Adduction
|
|
|
Turning around a central point or the long axis of the bone:
|
Rotation
|
|
|
Has the bone covering the surface of a cone as it moves:
|
Circumduction
|
|
|
A movement of the forearm that turns the palm forward into the anatomical position:
|
Supination
|
|
|
Movement of the forearm that turns the back of the hand forward:
|
Pronation
|
|
|
Are the simplest movements:
|
Gliding movements
|
|
|
Knee bends, going down:
|
Flexion
|
|
|
Knee bends, coming up:
|
Extension
|
|
|
Moving arm straight out, part of a jumping jack:
|
Abduction
|
|
|
Moving the arm back down to the side, jumping jack:
|
Adduction
|
|
|
Looking from left to right:
|
Rotation
|
|
|
Making a circle with an outstretched arm:
|
Circumduction
|
|
|
Two articular surfaces barely move over each other with no angular or circular movement:
|
Gliding movements
|
|
|
They occur between the carpals and tarsals:
|
Gliding movements
|
|
|
An ankle movement turning the sole of the foot inward:
|
Inversion
|
|
|
An ankle movement turning the sole of the foot outward:
|
Eversion
|
|
|
Moves the part forward, such as sticking the jaw out:
|
Protraction
|
|
|
Pulls the part back, the opposite of protraction:
|
Retraction
|
|
|
Raising the part, such as raising the scapula when shrugging the shoulders:
|
Elevation
|
|
|
Lowering the part:
|
Depression
|
|
|
Aid movement by minimizing friction between 2 moving structures:
|
Bursa
|
|
|
A small connective tissue sac lined with a synovial membrane:
|
Bursa
|
|
|
Filled with a clear, thick synovial fluid that is secreted by the synovial membrane:
|
Bursa
|
|
|
Is responsible for the cushioning effect of the bursa:
|
Synovial fluid
|
|
|
Located between 2 structures which move on each other and in which the friction needs to be decreased:
|
Bursa
|
|
|
Inflamation of a bursa:
|
Bursitis
|
|
|
As the degree of freedom of movement increases, the stability of the joint decreases:
|
Rule of stability of a joint
|
|
|
Limitations of movement are due to:
|
1. Shape of the articulating surfaces. 2. Ligaments and capsule at the joint. 3. Muscles that act on the joint
|
