Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Name the only gram (-) coccus?
|
Neisseria
|
|
|
List the gram (-) enterics?
|
E.coli
Salmonella Shigella Yersinia Klebsiella Campylobacter Helicobacter Proteus Enterobacter Serratia Vibrio Pseudomonas Bacteroides fragiles |
|
|
Name the gram (-) spirochetes?
|
Treponema
Borrelia Leptospira |
|
|
What are the 6 classic gram (+) bugs? Categorize them?
|
Cocci - Streptococci, Staphylococci
Spore-producing rods - Clostridium, Bacillus Non-spore forming rods - Corynebacterium, Listeria |
|
|
List the groups of gram (-) bugs, citing examples?
|
Cocci (Neisseria), Spirochetes (Treponema), Rods, Pleomorphic
|
|
|
What are the three groups of bacteria that can't be distinguished by gram stain?
|
Mycobacteria (acid-fast), spirochetes (darkfield microscopy), mycoplasma (no cell wall)
|
|
|
What is catalase?
|
Bacterial enzyme that breaks down H2O2
|
|
|
What are microaerophilic bacteria?
|
Bacteria that use fermentation and have no electron transport system, but can tolerate low amounts of oxygen b/c they have superoxide dismutase (similar to catalase)
|
|
|
What are obligate intracellular organisms?
|
Organisms not capable of the metabolic pathways for ATP synthesis and thus must steal ATP from their host
|
|
|
List examples of bacteria that have pili and how they are used for adhesion?
|
Nesseria gonorrhea (cervical cell binding), E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni (bind to intestinal epithelium), Bordetella pertussis (bind to ciliated respiratory cells)
|
|
|
How can doctors visualize capsules?
|
India ink stain, Quellung reaction
|
|
|
Which genera of bacteria form endospores? Are they aerobic or anaerobic?
|
aerobic Bacillus and anaerobic Clostridium (both gram +)
|
|
|
Describe facultative intracellular organisms?
|
Bacteria that are phagocytosed by macs or neuts yet survive by inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion
|
|
|
Which bacteria release exotoxins?
|
All the major gram (+) genera except Listeria (which produces endotoxin)
Gram (-): Vibrio cholera, E.coli, others |
|
|
Describe food poisoning?
|
Bacteria grow and release enterotoxin in food - diarrhea and vomiting results from ingestion of enterotoxin, but usually lasts for <24 hours. Eg. Bacillus cereus and Staph aureus
|
|
|
Define sepsis?
|
Bacteremia that causes a systemic immune response to the infection
|
|
|
Define septic shock? Aka?
|
Sepsis that results in dangerous drops in BP and organ dysfunction. Aka endotoxic shock - endotoxin is often, though not always, the precipitating trigger of the immune response that results in septic shock
|
