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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1st order half life
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.693/k = .5T
ln([Ao/.5Ao]) = KT |
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2nd order half life
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1/K[Ao]
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Zero order reaction
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A -> product
rate = k |
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arrhenius equation
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K=Ae^-Ea/RT
A = pre exponential term (dependent constant) Ea = energy of activation R = 8.314 J/mol T = temperature, K |
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arrhenius equation slope intercept
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ln k = (-Ea/R)(1/T) + ln A
y = m x + b |
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arrhenius plot
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ln (K1/K2) = -Ea/R (1/T1 - 1/T2)
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arrhenius equation measures....
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use energy of activation to predict how changes in temperature affect reaction
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determine first order rate law by
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taking ln of concentration vs time; need straight line
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determine second order rate law by
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1/[concentration] vs time
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collision frequency
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Z, number of molecular collisions per second
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activation complex
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peak of graph; site where reaction is occurring, extremely temporary and unstable
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3 types of catalysts
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homogenous - same state as reactants
heterogenous - different state enzyme - large molecules that catalyze biological rxns |
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molecularity
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number of species in a single elementary step
iA + iB = products if total i is 1 unimolecular, first order rxn if total i is 2 bimolecular, second order rxn termolecular |
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Equilibrium constants do not include
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solids or liquids (only gas, aqueous)
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Kc and Kp are
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unitless
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Kp =
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Kc (.0821xT)^ delta n
delta n = # of moles GAS products - # of moles GAS reactants |
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homogeneous vs heterogeneous equilibria
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reversible reactions same phase/different phases
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if two reactions added, overall Kc is
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PRODUCT of individual reactions Kc's
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Qc > Kc
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rxn goes R to L forming more reactants
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Qc < Kc
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rxn goes L to R forming more producst
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Qc is Kc but
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using actual concentrations
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pressure up?
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favors side of rxn with less moles of GAS
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volume up
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favors side of rxn with more moles of gas
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le chateliers principle
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if external stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system adjusts to partially offset it (changes direction to stabilize)
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law of mass action
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aA+bB (back an forth yields) cC + dD
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equilibrium constant expression
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[C]^c[D]^d/[A]^a[B]^b = Keq
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temp up?
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endothermic - products
exothermic = reactants |
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energy of activation increases, rate
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increases
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forward energy _____ reverse energy in reaction step = energy of step
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minus
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catalysts actually
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participate in the rxn
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catalysts _______ and ________
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lower Ea and create a new path
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