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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The distance between any two adjacent identical points of a wave
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Wavelength
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The Greek letter used to express wavelength
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lambda
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The Greek letter used to express frequency
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nu
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The speed of light is what
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3.00 X 10e8 m/s
A constant (c) |
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What is the formula relating frequency and wavelength
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c = νλ
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How would you rearange the formula for the speed of light to calculate the frequency
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ν = c
-- λ |
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The range of frequencies (ν) or wavelengths (λ) of electromagnetic radiation
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
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The visible spectrum is between ___nm and ___nm
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350 and 800
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The ejection of electrons from the surface of a metal or from another material when light shines on it
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Photoelectric effect
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A physical constant relating energy and frequency
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Planck's Constant
6.63 X 10 e-34 J X S |
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A spectrum showing only certain colors or specific wavelengths of light
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Line Spectrum
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A spectrum containing light of all wavelengths
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Continuous Spectrum
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The branch of physics that mathematically describes the wave properties of submicroscopic particles
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Quantum or wave mechanics
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An electron in an atom is described by four different quantum numbers. What are they
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n, l, mℓ, and ms
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This quantum number can have any positive value (except 0)and is the one which the energy of an electron in an atom principally depends upon
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Principal Quantum Number (n)
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This quantum number can have an integer value of (n - 1) and distinguishes orbitals of a given (n) having different shapes
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Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)
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This quantum number allows values from -l to +l for l = 0 and distinguishes orbitals of given n adn l
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Magnetic Quantum Number (mℓ)
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This quantum number has possible values of +1/2 or -1/2 and referes to the 2 possible orientations of the spin axis of an electron
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Spin Quantum Number (ms)
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A particular distribution of electrons among available subshells
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Electron Configuration
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A diagram to show how the orbitals of a subshell are occupied by electrons
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Orbital Diagram
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The observation that no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers
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Pauli exclusion principle
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An atom can hold at most ___ electrons and then only if the electrons have _______ _____
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Two, opposite spins
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The configuration associated with the lowest energy level of the atom
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Ground State
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An electron in an atom outside the noble-gas or pseudo-noble-gas core is called...
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Valence Electron
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The lowest-energy arrangement of electrons in a subshell is obtained by putting electrons into seperate orbitals of the subshell with the same spin before pairing
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Hund's Rule
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A substance that is weakly attracted by a magnetic field, and this attractin is generally the result of unpaired electrons
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Paramagnetic Substance
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A substance that is not attracted by a magnetic field or is very slightly repelled by such a field. This property generally means that the substance has only paired electrons
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Diamagnetic Substance
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When the elements are arranged by atomic number, their physical and chemical properties vary periodically
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Periodic Law
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This tends to decrease with atomic number and increase with period number
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Atomic Radius
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The minimum energy needed to remove the highest-energy electron from neutral atom in a gaseous state
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First Ionization Energy
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Maximum number of Electrons in the (s) subshell
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2
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Maximum number of Electrons in the (p) subshell
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6
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Maximum number of Electrons in the (d) subshell
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10
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Maximum number of Electrons in the (d) subshell
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10
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Maximum number of Electrons in the (f) subshell
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14
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Number of orbitals in the (s) subshell
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1
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Number of orbitals in the (p) subshell
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3
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Number of orbitals in the (d) subshell
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5
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Number of orbitals in the (f) subshell
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7
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A scheme used to reproduce the electron configurations of the ground states of atoms by successively filling subshells with electrons in specific order
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Building up principle or (Aufbau Principle)
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The inner-shell configuration corresponding to one of the noble gases
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noble-gas core
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The noble-gas core together with (n - 1)d10th electrons
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pseudo-noble-gas core
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An electron in an atom outside the noble-gas or pseudo-noble-gas core
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valence electron
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This increases with period number and decreases with atomic number
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atomic radius
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This decreases with period number and increases with atomic number
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Ionization energy
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The energy change for the process of adding an electron to a neutral atom in a gaseous state to form an negative ion
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electron affinity
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An oxide that reacts with acids
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Basic oxide
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An oxide that reacts with bases
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Acidic oxide
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An oxide that reacts with both basic and acidic properties
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Amphoteric oxide
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A chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
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ionic bond
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A symbol in which the electrons in the valence shell of an atom or ion are represented by dots placed around the letter symbol of the element
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Lewis electron-dot symbol
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The change in energy that occurs when an ionic solid is separated into isolated ions in the gas phase
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lattice energy
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Particles of electromagnetic energy, with 'E' proportional to the observed frequency of light
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Photon
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Albert Einstein postulated that light had both wave and particle properties. He based this postulate off of what?
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Photoelectric effect
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The _____ of a wave is the number of wavelengths of that wave that pass a fixed point in one unit of time (usually a second)
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Frequency
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E = hv is calcluating what?
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The energy of a photon
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When a photon hits metal, its energy (hv) is taken up by the electron. The photon ceases to exist as a particle; it is said to be _____
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absorbed
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An electron in an atom can change energy only by going from one energy level to another. What is this called?
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Transition
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