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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
10 ^(-1)
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DECI
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10 ^(-2)
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CENTI
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10 ^(-3)
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MILLI
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10 ^(-6)
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MICRO
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10 ^(-9)
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NANO
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10 ^(3)
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KILO
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10 ^(6)
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MEGA
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H 1
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HYDROGEN
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HE 2
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HELIUM
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LI 3
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LITHIUM
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BE 4
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BERYLLIUM
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B 5
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BORON
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C 6
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CARBON
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N 7
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NITROGEN
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O 8
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OXYGEN
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F 9
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FLUORINE
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NE 10
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NEON
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NA 11
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SODIUM
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MG 12
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MAGNESIUM
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AL 13
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ALUMINUM
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SI 14
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SILICON
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P 15
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PHOSPHORUS
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S 16
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SULFUR
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CL 17
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CHLORINE
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AR 18
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ARGON
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K 19
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POTASSIUM
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CA 20
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CALCIUM
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SC 21
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SCANDIUM
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TI 22
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TITANIUM
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V 23
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VANADIUM
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CR 24
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CHROMIUM
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MN 25
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MANGANESE
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FE 26
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IRON
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CO 27
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COBALT
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NI 28
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NICKEL
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CU 29
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COPPER
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ZN 30
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ZINC
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GA 31
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GALLIUM
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GE 32
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GERMANIUM
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AS 33
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ARSENIC
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SE 34
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SELENIUM
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BR 35
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BROMINE
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KR 36
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KRYPTON
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RB 37
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RUBIDIUM
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SN 50
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TIN
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PB 82
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LEAD
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HG 80
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MERCURY
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AG 47
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SILVER
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AU 79
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GOLD
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I 53
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IODINE
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2 TYPES OF MATTER
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1. SUBSTANCES
2. MIXTURES |
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DEFN: SUBSTANCE
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MATERIAL: CANNOT BE SEPARATED BY PHYSICAL MEANS INTO 2 OR MORE MATERIALS WITGH DIFFERENT PROPERTIES
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DEFN: MIXTURE
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MATTER: CAN BE SEPARATED INTO 2 OR MORE SUBSTANCES BY PHYSICAL MEANS ALONE...ALSO ALLOY
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2 TYPES OF SUBSTANCES
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1. ELEMENTS
2. COMPOUNDS |
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DEFN: ELEMENTS
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ATOMS OF PARTICULAR TYPE; CANNOT BE DECOMPOSED BY CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL MEANS
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DEFN: COMPOUNDS
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TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS/ ATOMS/ SUBSTANCES IN CHEMICAL COMBINATION/ FIXED PROPORTION
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2 TYPES OF MIXTURES
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1. HOMOGENEOUS
2. HETEROGENEOUS |
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DEFN: HOMOGENEOUS
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UNIFORM THROUGH OUT; SAME DISTRIBUTION
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DEFN: HETEROGENEOUS
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NON UNIFORM; CHANGES FORM ONE POINT TO ANOTHER WITHIN A SAMPLE; USU. HAS 2 OR MORE PHASES
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WHAT DISTINGUISHES ONE ELEMENT FROM ANOTHER?
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THE NUMBER OF PROTONS
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THE RELATIONSHIP B/W PROTONS AND ELECTRONS (3)
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1. P+ AND E-
2. PROTON+ELECTRON=NET CHARGE=0 3. ELECTRONS AND PROTONS ARE EQUAL IN NUMBER TO EACH OTHER |
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LOCATION OF PARTICLES IN ATOMS
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NEUTRONS AND PROTONS ARE IN CENTER / NUCLEUS
ELECTRONS ARE IN ORBITS ON OUTSIDE OF ATOM (IN MOTION) |
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DEFN: CHEMISTRY
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STUDY OF MATTER, ELECTRONS, AND ITS INTERACTION WITH ENVIRONMENT
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RELATIVE MASS
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IS = N + P
(CLOSE IN WEIGHT) E- ARE MUCH SMALLER |
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DIFFERENCES B/W PROTONS & NEUTRONS AND ELECTRONS (3)
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1. LOCATION IN ATOM
2. ELECTRICAL CHARGE 3. RELATIVE MASSES |
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DEFN: ISOTOPE
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ATOMS WITH THE SAME ATOMIC # BUT DIFFERENT NEUTRON # (DONT WEIGH THE SAME)
# = (P+) + (N) |
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DEFN: ION
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AN ATOM THAT HAS LOST OR GAINED ONE OR MORE ELECTRONS, BECOMING ELECTRICALLY CHARGED
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2 TYPES OF IONS
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1. CATIONS
2. ANIONS |
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DEFN: CATION
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POSITIVELY CHARGED ION FORMED WHEN ATOM LOSES ELECTRON
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DEFN: ANION
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NEGATIVELY CHARGED ION FORMED WHEN ATOMS GAINS ELECTRON
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19 -
F 2 |
19 = # OF PROTONS
- = ELECTRIC CHARGE 2 = # OF ATOMS |
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PHYSICAL STATES /PHASES OF MATTER (4)
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1. GAS
2. LIQUID 3. SOLID 4. PLASMA |
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CHANGES & PROPERTIES OF MATER AND EXAMPLES (3)
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1. PHYSICAL: MASS, TEMP, VOLUME
2. CHEMICAL: IRON --> RUST 3. NUCLEAR: RADIOACTIVITY |
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PROPERTIES OF MATTER, USED FOR AND EXAMPLES
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USED MORE FOR IDENTIFYING SUBSTANCE
1. INTENSIVE: MASS INDEPENDENT EX) TEMP DENSITY BOILING PT 2. EXTENSIVE: MASS DEPENDENT EX) MASS SPACE VOLUME |
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LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
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BY LAVOISIER
MASS/MATTER CANT BE CHANGED OR DESTROYED EXCEPT IN NUCLEAR PROCESS WHERE MASS IS CONVERTED TO ENERGY |
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ATOMIC THEORY OF MATTER
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MATTER IS COMPOSED OF INDESTRUCTABLE ATOMS THAT COMBINE IN WHOLE # RATIOS TO FORM COMPOUNDS
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LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS
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FOR 2OR MORE COMPOUNDS OF A, THE MASSES OF B WILL BE SMALL WHOLE # RATIOS
COMPARISON B/W 2 DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS |
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DALTON'S ATOMIC THEORY IS USED FOR:
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USED TO EXPLAIN BASIC PROPERTIES OF ATOMS AND LAW OF
CONSERVATION OF MASS DEFINITE PROPORTIONS |
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5 COMPONENTS OF DALTON'S ATOMIC THEORY
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1.MATTER IS COMPOSED OF ATOMS
(THEY EXIST) 2.ATOMS ARE INDESTRUCTABLE (CONSERVATION OF MASS) 3.ALL ATOMS/MASS ARE THE SAME FOR AN ELEMENT 4.DIFFERENT ELEMENTS HAVE DIFFERENT ATOMS/MASSES (DEFINITE PROPORTIONS)? 5.ATOMS COMBINE IN SMALL WHOLE RATIOS TO FORM COMPOUNDS (MULT PROPORTIONS?) |
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DERIVATIVE
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ADDED ELEMENT
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COMBUSTION
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REACTING WITH OXYGEN AND BURNING
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CHEMICAL MAKE UP OF HUMANS
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CARBON OXYGEN AND NITROGEN
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE SUN
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HYDROGEN (80%)
HELIUM (19%) |
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EARTH CRUST (5)
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OXYGEN 49.5
SILICON 25.7 ALUMINUM 7.5 IRON 4.7 CALCIUM 3.4 |
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PRE ATOMIC THEORY CLASSES (3)
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1. METALS
2. NON METALS 3. METALLOIDS |
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DEFN: METALS
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GOOD CONDUCTORS OF HEAT/ ELECTRICITY
THE LOWER ON CHART THE MORE METALLIC LOW ELECTRONEGATIVITY |
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DEFN: NON METALS
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POOR CONDUCTORS, GOOD INSULATORS
LOCATED UPPER RIGHT HAND ON CHART HIGH ELECTRONEGATIVITY |
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DEFN: METALLOIDS
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ONLY 8
SEMI CONDUCTORS INTERMEDIATE ELECTRONEGATIVITY |
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DEFN: ELE
CTRONEGATIVITY |
MEASURE OF ABILITY TO ATTRACT ELECTRONS FROM OTHER SUBSTANCES
+ X INCR |UP --> + |
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POST ATOMIC THEORY CLASSES (4)
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BASED ON DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODIC TABLE
1. ROMAN NUMERALS (MAIN GRP) 2. MIDDLE (TRANSITION ELEMENTS /METALS) 3. LANTHENOIDS 4. ACTINOIDS |
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GROUPS / FAMILIES
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VERTICAL COLUMN OF ELEMENTS HEADED BY ROMAN NUMERALS
REPRESENT VALENCE ELECTRON COUNT |
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PERIODS
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ROWS
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GROUP 1
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ALKALAI METALS
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GROUP 2
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ALKALINE EARTH METALS
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GROUP 8
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NOBLE GASES
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GROUP 7
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HALOGENS
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GROUP 6
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CHALCOGENS
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IONIC BONDING
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WHEN ELEMENTS BOND WITH THOSE OF OPPOSITE ELECTRONEGATIVITY VALUES TO BECOME MORE LIKE NOBLE GASES
ONLY METAL + NON METAL |
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STERIC NUMBER
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# OF ATOMS BONDED TO CENTRAL ATOM + # OF LONE PAIRS ON CENTRAL ATOM
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DISTRIBUTION OF ELEMENTS IN UNIVERSE
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HYDROGEN 91 %
HELIUM 9 % |
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LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS
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RATIO OF MASS IS CONSTANT
APPLIES TO A SINGLE COMPOUND |