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15 Cards in this Set
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*Atomic number > tells how many proton there are (as well as electrons) *Atoms of same elements have the same number of protons - so atoms of different elements will have different numbers of protons. |
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Compounds are..... CHEMICALLY Bonded! |
* They are formed when atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined together.
Eg, carbon dioxide is a compound formed from a chemical reaction between Carbon & Oxygen. |
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ISOTOPES are... |
different atomic forms of the same element, which have the SAME number of PROTONS but a DIFFERENT number of NEUTRONS. |
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Ionic Bonding - Transferring Electrons. |
Ionic bonding, atoms lose or gain electrons to form charged particles ( ions) Which are then strongly attracted to one another ( opposite charges + & -) |
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Shell with just one Electron is keen to get rid.. |
All left-hand side (of periodic T) atoms, eg, Sodium, potassium...have only one or two outer shell ( highest energy level) So they are keen to get rid of them in order to have full shells ( same as the electronic structure of noble gas) |
So the atoms turn to ions and they leap at the first passing ion with the opposite charge. |
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Nearly full shell is keen to get that Extra Electron... |
On the other hand of PT, (6&7) eg, oxygen and chlorine have outer shells whish are nearly full. *They gain that extra one/ two from other electrons to fill the shell. |
Becoming ions |
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Ionic Compound Have A Regular Lattice Structure |
1) Ionic compound always have giant ionic lattices. 2) The ions form a closely packed regular lattice arrangement. 3) They are very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions, in all direction. |
Single crystal of sodium chloride (salt) is one giant ionic lattice, which is why salt crystals are cuboid. |
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Similar properties of Ionic Compounds... |
* All have high melting point & high boiling point due to strong attraction between ions. * Takes large amount of energy to overcome this attraction. * when ionic compound melt , the ions are free to move and they'll carry electric current. |
* They dissolve easily in water. The ions separate and are free to move in solution, so they'll carry electrical current. |
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