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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is an element?
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An ELEMENT is a pure substance made up of only one type of atom
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What is a compound?
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A COMPOUND is a chemical combination of two or more different elements.
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What is a mixture?
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MIXTURE is a material made up of at least two substances which may be elements or compounds. They are usually easily separated by physical means e.g. filtration, distillation, chromatography etc.
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what is a chemical equation?
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CHEMICAL EQUATION is an expression in words or symbols that describes precisely a particular chemical change
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What is filtration?
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using a filter paper or fine porous ceramic to separate a solid from a liquid. It works because the tiny dissolved particles are too small to be filtered BUT any insoluble 'non-dissolved' solid particles are too big to go through!
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what is evaporation?
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means a liquid changing to a gas or vapour. In separation, its removing the liquid from a solution, usually to leave a solid. It can be done quickly with gentle heating or left out to 'dry up' slowly. The solid will almost certainly be less volatile than the solvent and will remain as a crystalline residue.
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What is crystallization
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Crystallisation can mean a liquid substance changing to its solid form. However, the term usually means what happens when the liquid from a solution has evaporated to a point beyond the solubility limit. Then solid crystals will 'grow' out of the solution because the solution is too concentrated for all the solid to remain dissolved at that temperature. Crystallisation is often done from a hot concentrated solution, because most substance are more soluble the hotter the liquid. Consequently on cooling a hot concentrated solution, crystals form as the solubility gets less and less.
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what does 1 mole equal???
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6.02 x 10^23 anything
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Cooling Curve steps (at a constant rate), from top to bottom. Note: Where the plateaus are where the PE decreases, and where the charts decrease is where the KE decreases
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gas, condensation, liquid, freezing, solid
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solid→liquid
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melting
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solid→gas
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sublimation
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liquid→solid
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freezing
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liquid→gas
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vaporization
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gas→liquid
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condensation
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gas→solid
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deposition
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Molarity formula:
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M = moles of solute/liters of solvent
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Molarity formula:
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m = moles of solute/kilograms of solution
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Saturated Solution
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A solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute
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REDOX Reactions involve the transfer of ____; If the oxidation number changes from the reactant to product, then the reaction is REDOX
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electrons
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Oxidation is the ____ of electrons; where the oxidation number goes up
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loss
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Reduction is the ____ of electrons; where the oxidation number goes down
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gain
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The five things that speed up a chemical reaction are ______
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temperature; concentration; catalyst; surface area; nature of the reaction
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Volume increases favours ____
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favors the reaction with more moles
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Pressure decreases favours _____
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favors the reaction with more moles
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Standard Temperature and Pressure in the following order: degrees Celsius, Kelvin, mm Hg, torr, atm, and kPa
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0°C, 273 K, 760 mm Hg, 760 torr, 1 atm, 101.3 kPa
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Energy of Wave
Wave Relation Coulomb's Law |
E = h v
c = \lambda v F_e = k_e\frac{Q_1Q_2}{r^2} Symbol Meaning Symbol Meaning E energy c speed of light v frequency \lambda wavelength Q charge r distance k_e Coulomb's constant h Plank's constant |