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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a mole ratio?
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A ratio between the number of moles of any two species involved in a chemical reaction; the mole ration is used as a conversion factor in stoichiometric calculations.
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What piece of information is needed to convert grams of a compound to moles of the same compound?
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In order to convert grams to moles, the molar mass of the compound under consideration needs to be determined.
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What is the difference between the theoretical and the actual yield of a chemical reaction?
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The theoretical yield of a chemical reaction is the calculated amount of product from a given amount of reactant.
The actual yield is the amount of product actually obtained experimentally. |
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How is the percent yield of a reactaion calculated?
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You can calculate the percent yield of a chemical reaction by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical yield and multiplying by one hundred.
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What is an orbital?
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A cloudlike region around the ncleus where electrols are located. Orbitals are considered to be energy sublevels.
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What are valence electrons and why are they important?
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An electron in the outermost energy level of an atom; these electrons are the ones involved in bonding atoms together to form compounds.
Valence electrons are involved in bonding atoms togethr to form compounds. |
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How do 1s and 2s orbitals differ?
How are they alike? |
Like 1s in the first principal energy level, the 2s orbital is sphericl in shape but is larger in size and higher in energy. It also holds a maximum of two electrons.
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How many s electrons, p electrons, and d electrons are possible in any energy level?
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s-2 electrons per shell
p-6 electrons per shell after the first energy level d-10 electrons per shell after the second energy level |
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Rank these elements according to the radii of their atoms, from smallest to largest:
Na, Mg, Cl, K and Rb |
smallest
Cl, Mg, Na, K, Rb Largest |
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Explain why much more ionization energy is required to remove the first electron from neon than from sodium
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Ionization energy :
Energy required to remove an electron from an atom Decreases down a group Increases across a row |
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Does the first ionization energy increase or decrease from top to bottom in the periodic table for the alkali metal family"
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The size of the atoms increases down the group. The most chemically active metals are located at the lower left of the periodic table.
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Which element is he pair has the larger atomic radius?
Na or K |
K>Na
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Which element is he pair has the larger atomic radius?
O or F |
O>F
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Which element is he pair has the larger atomic radius?
Ti or Zr |
Zr>Ti
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Why does the atomic size increase in going down any family of the period table?
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Atomic size increases down the column, since each sucessive element has an additional energy level that contains electrons located farther from the nucleus.
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Why are only valence electrons represented in a Lewis structure?
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A Lewis structure is a representation of the atom where the symbol represents the element and dots arount the symbol represent the valence electrons.
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Why do metals tend to lose electrons and nonmetals tend to gain electrons when forming ionic bonds?
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Metals are less electonegative than nonmetals. Therefore, metals lose electrons more easily than nonmetals. So, metals will transfer electrons to nonmetals, leaving the metals with a positive charge and the nonmetals with a negative charge.
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In a polar covalent bond, how do you determine which atom has a partial negative charge, and which has a partial positive charge?
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A partial charge is usually indicated by the Greek letter delta, . Thus, a partial positive charge is represented by and a partial negative charge by .
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In which general areas of he periodic table are the elements with:
a. the highest b. the lowest electronegativities located? |
The electronegativity generally increases from left to right across a period and decreased down a group for the representative elements. The highest electonegativities is at the top of the table and the lowest electronegativities is at the bottom.
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Which element is he pair has the larger atomic radius?
Br or I |
I>Br
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Which element is he pair has the larger atomic radius?
Na or Mg |
Na>Mg
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