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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dmitri Mendeleev
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the creator of the first version of the periodic table of elements. Using the table, he predicted the properties of elements yet to be discovered
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Periods on the Periodic Table
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Rows
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Groups on the Periodic Table
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Columns
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Noble Gas
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the elements in the farthest right column of the periodic table; have a full octet which makes them very stable and un-reactive
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Emission Spectra
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the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the element's atoms or the compound's molecules when they are returned to a lower energy state
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Neils Bohr
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1) electrons travel in discrete orbits around the atom's nucleus
2) chemical properties of an element are determined by the electrons in the outermost orbit |
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Energy Level
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the various places of different amounts of energy that can host electrons
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Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
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the velocity and position of an electron cannot be known at the same time
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Orbitals
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the "spherical" shapes hold the electrons surrounding the nucleus
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Electron Configuration
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the arrangement of electrons of an atom, a molecule, or other physical structure. It concerns the way electrons can be distributed in the orbitals of the given system
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Ionization Energy Increases
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Moving Left --> Right
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Atomic Radius Decreases
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Moving Left --> Right
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Electronegativity Increases
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Moving Left --> Right
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Electronegativity Decreases
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Moving Top --> Bottom
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Ionization Energy Decreases
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Moving Top --> Bottom
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Atomic Radius Increases
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Moving Top --> Bottom
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Valence Electrons
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the electrons occupying the orbital of the highest energy level for each orbital type
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Octet Rule
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states that atoms tend to combine in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shells, giving them the same electronic configuration as a noble gas
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Ionic Bonds
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type of chemical bond formed through electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions
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Properties of Ionic Compounds
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High Boiling and Melting points
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Properties of Molecular (Covalent) Compounds
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- Low Melting and Boiling Points
- liquids and gases at room temp. |
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VSEPR Theory
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because of the similar charges of electron orbitals, they repel each other and form 3D configurations
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Ionization Energy
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the energy needed to remove electrons from an atom
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Electronegativity
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describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons (or electron density) towards itself and thus the tendency to form negative ions
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