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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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isotope |
atoms of the same element (have the same atomic number) that have different numbers of neutrons |
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ions |
an atom with a charge (caused by gaining or losing electrons) |
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periodic table |
it organizes the elements |
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family |
elements are placed into these because they have the same number of valence electrons which causes them to have similar properties. They run up/down (vertical). They are also called groups. |
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periods |
elements are placed into these rows because they have the same number of electron shells. They run across (horizontal). |
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stairstep |
the line on the periodic table that separates the metals from the nonmetals |
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metals |
elements that are to the left of the stairstep that are good conductors of heat and electricity, have luster, are malleable, are ductile, form positive ions, and are mostly solids. |
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nonmetals |
elements that are to the right of the stairstep that are poor conductors of heat and electricity, are dull, are brittle, form negative ions, and are mostly gases. |
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metalloids |
elements that run along the stairstep that are used to make semiconductors |
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chemical bonding |
Two or more atoms are joined together to fill their outer shell (valence shell) the easiest way possible |
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chemical equation |
represents a chemical reaction Example of cellular respiration: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy |
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reactant |
the starting materials in a chemical reaction Example of cellular respiration: (what is on the left side) C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy |
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product |
the ending materials in a chemical reaction Example of cellular respiration: (what is on right side) C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy |
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yields |
It is the symbol (-->) that separates the reactants from the products in a chemical equation. It shows the direction of the chemical reaction. It means the same as an = sign. Example of cellular respiration: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy |
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subscript |
A number written slightly below and to the right of a chemical symbol that shows how many atoms of an element are in a compound. |
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coefficient |
The large number in front of a molecule that tells how many of those molecules are present. Ex: 2CO (2 molecules of CO) |
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law of conservation of mass |
In a chemical reaction (chemical change): mass you start with = mass you end with Ex: You start with a mass of 10 grams, you end with 10 grams. |
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chemical energy |
Stored in the chemical bonds of a compound |
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hydrocarbon |
A compound/molecule that only contains carbon and hydrogen (CH4) |
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combustion reaction |
Hydrocarbon + O₂ --> CO₂ + H₂O + energy (Ex: burning methane gas) |
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energy transformation |
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changes form. The amount of energy you start with = the amount of energy you end with. It is also called the law of conservation of energy. |
