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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is another name for a single replacement reaction?
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An Metathesis Reaction
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What happens in a single replacement reaction?
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One element or ion replaces another in a compound.
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What type of reaction does the following formula represent?
AB + C---->CB + A |
Single Replacement
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What is Reduction?
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a process where a substance GAINS electrons.
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What is Oxidation?
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A process where a substance LOSES electrons.
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Metals of ________ activity will replace metals of ________ activity in a compound.
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higher; lower
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What is anther name for a double replacement reaction?
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An exchange reaction
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What happens in a double replacement reaction?
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Two elements or ions swap places. (Usually occurs between inner elements/ions and the outer elements/ions)
Ab + cD --> AD + bc |
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What type of reaction does this equation describe?
AB + CD ---> AD + CB |
Double Replacement
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What are the most common products of a double replacement reactions?
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Solid precipitate or insoluble gas
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What occurs in a Decomposition Reaction?
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The composition breaks down (decomposes) into two or more simpler substances.
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What type of reaction does this formula represent?
AB ---> A + B |
Decomposition Reaction
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What is another name for a Combination Reaction?
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A Synthesis Reaction
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What occurs in a combination reaction?
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Two or more substances combine to form a single product (opposite of decomposition).
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What type of reaction does the following equation represent?
A + B ---> AB |
Combination Reaction
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What is a combustion reaction?
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A reaction that proceeds with the evolution of heat and a flame. Most involve burning a substance in the presence of O2
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In a combustion reaction where a hydrocarbon is burned, what are always the products?
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CO2 and H20
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What is a precipitation reaction?
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A replacement reaction in which a solid (precipitate) is formed.
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What is Dissociation?
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The breakup of a soluble ionic compound into ions in a solution
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What is Solubility?
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The measure of the ability of a substance (the solute) to dissolve in a solvent.
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What is an oxidation- reduction (redox)?
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A reaction that involves changes in oxidation states.
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What is an acid/base (neutralization) reaction?
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A reaction that involve the transfer of H+ ions.
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What is an electrolyte?
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A solution of ions that conducts an electric current.
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What does the strength of an electrolyte depend on?
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The extend of ion formation in a solution
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What are strong Electrolytes?
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all soluble ionic compounds (including strong acids/bases)
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What are weak electrolytes?
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weak acids and weak bases
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What are non-electrolytes?
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Most other covalent compounds (not included in the criteria of strong or weak electrolytes).
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What are the steps for predicting a chemical reaction?
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1. Determine the ions that form
2. Predict possible products and write a balanced equation 3. Check solubility rules 4. Write balanced equations for the reaction. |
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What is a complete ionic equation?
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An equation that includes all substances, regardless of whether they participate in the reaction.
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What are spectator ions?
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Ions that take no part in the reaction (appear on both sides of the arrow)
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What is a net ionic equation?
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A complete ionic equation minus the spectator ions.
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What is the definition of an Arrhenius Acid?
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an acid that produces hydronium ions (H3O+) when added to water.
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What is an Arrhenius Base?
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A base that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when added to water.
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What is a Bronstead-Lowry Acid?
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A substance that donates a proton (H+ cations) to another species.
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What is a Bronstead-Lowry Base?
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A base is a substance that accepts a proton (H+) from another species.
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What is a Lewis Acid?
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An electron pair acceptor
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What is a Lewis base?
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An electron pair donor
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What does Amphoteric describe?
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A substance that can act as an acid or base (ex: H2O)
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What is a Neutralization Reaction?
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Acids and base reaction in stoichiometrically equivalent amounts. If the base is a metal hydroxide, the products of this reaction will always be a water and salt.
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What is a salt?
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An ionic compound formed by replacing H+ in an acid by another cation (a metal).
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What does the term solubility describe?
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The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent.
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What are some representations of Qualitative?
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Dilute, Concentrated, saturated, unsaturated, supersaturated.
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What are some examples of quantitative?
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gsolute/100g solution, volume %, mass%, parts per million, parts per billion, parts per trillion, Molarity, Mole fraction.
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What is dilute?
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small % of solute
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What is Concentrated?
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Large % of solute
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What does it mean when something is saturated?
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The maximum amount of solute is dissolved in solvent
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What does it mean when something is unsaturated?
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Less than the maximum amount of solute is dissolved.
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What does it mean when something is supersaturated?
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Greater than the maximum amount of solute is dissolved.
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What is the formula for volume %?
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(V of solute/total mass)x100%
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What is the formula for mass %?
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(mass of solute/total mass)x100%
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What is the formula for parts per million (ppm)?
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(g of solute/g of solution)x10^6
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What is the formula for parts per billion (ppb)?
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(g of solute/g of solution)x10^9
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What is the formula for parts per trillion (ppt)?
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(g of solute/g of solution)x10^12
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What is the formula for Molality?
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(moles of solute/kg of solvent)
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What is the formula for Mole Fraction? (X)
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(moles of component/ total moles of all components)
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What is the most common unit of concentration?
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Molarity
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What is the formula for Molarity?
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moles of solute/ volume of solution
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What does [HCl] mean?
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The concentration of HCl
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When dealing with dilutions, the amount of _________changes, but the amount of _________ remains the same.
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solvent; solute
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The moles of a solute before dilution is equal to what?
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The moles of solute after dilution.
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How does Solution Stoichiometry differ from regular stoichiometry?
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The moles are calculated from volume (not grams)
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What is Titration?
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The determination of concentration of an unknown solution by reacting with one of known concentration (standard solution)
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