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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is information technology?
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the study, design, development, implementation, support, and management of computer based info systems.
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Are computers smart?
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NO! without people computers are just plastic boxes with chips. People are called end-users
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What is computer competency?
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knowledge to understand computers
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What is an application of technology?
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something with practical use and expected outcome
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What's Moore's Law
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computing power doubles every 18 months
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Business computer hardware?
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physical aspects of a computer--circuit boards, chipsets, and keyboards
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Mainframe computers?
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room sized computers that process and store big amounts of bulk data
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Midrange computers?
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less powerful and smaller than mainframe but do the same thing on smaller scale
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Microcomputers?
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smaller than mainframes and minicomputers. . .desktop, laptop, handheld
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What are computers made of?
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hardware and uses system software to work
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What does application software need to work?
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system software or an operating system
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What is an operating system?
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often called a platform, is a collection of computer programs working together that manage hardware&software to work properly
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Some platforms today?
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Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux and UNIX
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What is file management?
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a way to store and organize computer files to the memory of a computer
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What are operating systems made of?
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folders!
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What file management system does Microsoft use?
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Graphical user interface (GUI)
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What is a task a computer performs?
One or more task? |
process and multitasking
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What does memory management consist of?
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cache, random access memory (RAM), registers, and virtual memory
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Disk management?
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in charge if reading and writing data and info to a disk
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Most common apps?
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email, word processors, databases, presentation software,and project management
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Software suite/Productivity suite?
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collection of computer application programs
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What ways share data?
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"cut and paste", Object linking and Embedding
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OLE?
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Object linking is dynamic, thats the only difference from embedding
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Adobe Acrobat?
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portable document files (PDF)
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Database software?
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collection of related files called tables that consist of records of data separated by fields
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What is a computer network?
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two or more computers connected for resource sharing and communication
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What is system unit?
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the main body of a computer
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What is a motherboard?
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the core component that connects and helps different components of a computer communicate with one another.
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Box?
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microcomputer, encloses main components of computer.
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Circuit board?
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logical way to replace what would be loose wiring by applying copper wires directly to a sheet of non conductive plastic
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What is a microprocessor?
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plugged directly into a slot on the motherboard and serves as the brains for the comp.
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CPU?
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central processing unit located in microprocessor
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A microcomputer's speed is measured by?
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clock rate; cycles per second that a computer can perform its basic tasks
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Gigahertz is what unit?
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clock rate
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RISC?
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Reduced Instruction Set Computer architecture chips are for efficiency and were the 1st 64 bit processors
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What is a bus line?
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pathways that transfer data and power between components inside of a computer.
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Types of bus lines?
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PCI, AGP, USB, Firewire
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Computers have only two states, so what kind of system is this?
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binary system: 1 or 0
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ASCII
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microcomputers use the American Standard Code for information interchange coding scheme
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What part of the computer supplies the electricity?
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the power supply unit
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What are the two types of memory?
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primary (volatile) and secondary (non-volatile)
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How does primary memory work?
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its in the for of RAM chipsets that use no physical movement
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Secondary?
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typically spin and require moving read/write head
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The programming information to perform the startup task resides in a chip called?
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complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) also non-volatile
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ROM?
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read-only memory
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Expansion slots receive?
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expansion cards; plugged into motherboard and adds further functionality
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Types of bus lines?
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PCI, AGP, USB, Firewire
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Computers have only two states, so what kind of system is this?
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binary system: 1 or 0
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ASCII
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microcomputers use the American Standard Code for information interchange coding scheme
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What part of the computer supplies the electricity?
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the power supply unit
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What are the two types of memory?
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primary (volatile) and secondary (non-volatile)
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How does primary memory work?
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its in the for of RAM chipsets that use no physical movement
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Secondary?
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typically spin and require moving read/write head
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The programming information to perform the startup task resides in a chip called?
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complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) also non-volatile
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ROM?
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read-only memory
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Expansion slots receive?
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expansion cards; plugged into motherboard and adds further functionality
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A .....is a specific outlet that serves as a connection between other devices
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a port
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"Plug and Play"
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device automatically works when plugged into a computer. FireWire and USB
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What is an input device?
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data and info that enters a computer system and translated for processing
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Output?
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data and info that exits a computer system and translated for a human to understand
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Input and output devices are usually called?
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peripheral devices
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What are some input devices?
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Cameras, scanners, microphones, keyboards, mouse,webcams.
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What are some output devices?
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monitors, printers
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The most important feature of a monitor?
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resolution
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Pixels?
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small dots monitors are made of.
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Registers?
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extremely fast very small amounts of memory used to quicken implementations of computer programs
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Virtual memory?
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used to coordinate, track, and allocate the use of CPU cache, registers, RAM, and disk storage
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Non-volatile, secondary storage that is recorded to a physical device
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disk storage
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File allocation table (FAT)
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disk that directs the read/write arm of the hard drive to where data exits and accesses it
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A program that reorganizes the hard disk
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Defragmentation
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Computers that are not connected to any other computer are?
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stand-alone
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Transmission control protocol (TCP)/ Internet protocol (IP)
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operating systems need to be able to offer networking and do so through a set of rules
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Proprietary software
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Windows
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Non-proprietary
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Linux
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Secondary storage is non‐volatile...
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which means it retains its data and information even after the computer system is turned off.
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Ones and zeros are referred to as
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bit
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When eight bits are combined, they become a
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byte
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Physical storage media represent
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ones and zeros with positive or negative electromagnetic charges.
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A negative charge represents a
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zero (bit)
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a positive charge represents
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one (bit).
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a track is a concentric circular band around the disk that is divided in to pie shaped wedges
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called sectors.
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More than one sector comprises a
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cluster.
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How much data and information can it hold?
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capacity
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How long does it take to restore data?
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access time
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Advances in technology?
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Is this the best technology?
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Is my data and information secure from outside sources?
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security
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Cost
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How much does it cost to store and retrieve data?
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Disaster Recovery
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What happens in the case of disaster?
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Any number of factors can go into data loss, like...
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computer viruses, natural disasters, and human error.
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Archiving is when?
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data is no longer used on a daily basis, is stored electronically and can be accessed at a future date
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Data backup refers to?
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making copies of data, or computer files that can be restored in the event that the original files are lost.
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