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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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INFORMATION GRANULARITY
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the extent of detail within the information
(fine and detailed or coarse and abstract?) |
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characteristics of high quality information:
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-accuracy
-completeness -consistency -uniqueness -timeliness |
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low quality information:
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-missing info
-incomplete info -probable duplicate info -potential wrong info -inaccurate info -incomplete info |
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information is stored in ___
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databases
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DATABASE
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maintains info about various types of objects (INVENTORY), events (TRANSACTIONS), people (EMPLOYEES), and places (WAREHOUSES)
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database models:
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hierarchial network or relational
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HIERARCHIAL DATABASE MODEL
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info is organized into a tree (using parent/child rlships) in such a way that it cannot have too many relationships
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NETWORK DATABASE MODEL
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a flexible way of representing objects and their relationships
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RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL
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stores info in the form of logically related 2d tables
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database advantages:
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-Increased flexibility
-Increased scalability and performance -Reduced information redundancy -Increased information integrity (quality) -Increased information security |
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a well-designed database should:
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-Handle changes quickly and easily
-Provide users with different views -Have only one physical view -Have multiple logical views |
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PHYSICAL VIEW
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deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device
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LOGICAL VIEW
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focuses on how users logically access information
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SCALABILITY
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how well a system can adapt to increased demands
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PERFORMANCE
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measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction
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REDUNDANCY
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duplication of info or storing the same info in multiple places
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primary problem with redundant information:
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INCONSISTANCY
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INFORMATION INTEGRITY
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measures the quality of the info
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INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT
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rules that help ensure the quality of the info
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RELATIONAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT
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rule that enforces basic and fundamental info-based constraints
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Business-critical integrity constraint –
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rule that enforce business rules vital to an organization’s success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints
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security features of databases
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-password
-access level (who has access to different types of info) -access control- like read-only |
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ENTITY
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a person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored
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ATTRIBUTES (fields, colums)
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characteristics or properties of an entity class (name, phone, etc)
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___ and ___ identify the various entity classes in the database
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primary keys and foreign keys
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PRIMARY KEY
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a field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table
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FOREIGN KEY
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a primary key of one table that appears an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship among the two tables
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DBSM
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database mgmt systems
software thru which users and application programs interact w/ a database |
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4 componants of DBSM:
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Data definition
Data manipulation Data administration Application generation |
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DATA DEFINITION component
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creates and maintains the data dictionary and the structure of the database
includes the DATA DICTIONARY |
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DATA DICTIONARY
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a file that stores definitions of information types, identifies the primary and foreign keys, and maintains the relationships among the tables
DEFINES THE LOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE INFO THAT THE DATABASE CONTAINS |
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DATA MANIPULATION component
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allows user to create, read, update, and delete info in a database
data manipulation tools include: view, report geenerator, query by example or QBE, and structured uery language SQL |
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view
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allows users to see, change, sort, and query the database content
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report generator
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users can define report formats
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QBE
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query by example
users can graphically design the answers to specific questions |
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SQL
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query language
structured query language |
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APPLICATION GENERATION component
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includes tools for creating visually appealing and easy to use applications
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DATA ADMIN component
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provides tools for managing the overall database environment by providing faculties for backup, recovery, security, and performance
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DATA WAREHOUSE
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a logical collection of information – gathered from many different operational databases – that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks
The primary purpose of a data warehouse is to aggregate information throughout an organization into a single repository for decision-making purposes |
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ETL
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extraction, transformation, and loading
a process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms the information using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads the information into a data warehouse |
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DATA MART
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containts a subset of data warehouse information
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DATA MINING
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the process of analyzing data to extract info not offered by the raw data alone
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DATA MINING TOOL
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uses a variety of techniques to find patterns and relationships in large volumes of information and infers rules that predict future behavior and guide decision making
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ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
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includes plans for how an org will build, deploly, use, and share its data, processes, and IT assets
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ENTERPRISE ARCHITECT (EA)
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a person grounded in technology, fluent in business, a patient diplomat, and provides the important bridge between IT and the business
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primary goals of enterprise architectures
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reduce costs/improve productivity
improve customer satisfaction create competitive advantage |
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RECOVERY
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the ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure
includes restoring the info backup |
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WEB SERVICE
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contains a repertoire of Web-based data and procedural resources that use shared protocols and standards permitting different applications to share data and services
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INTEROPERABILITY
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- the capability of two or more computer systems to share data and resources, even though they are made by different manufacturers
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EVENT
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detect threats and opportunities and alert those who can act on the information
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SERVICE
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more like software products than they are coding projects, and must appeal to a broad audience, and they need to be reusable if they are going to have an impact on productivity
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OPEN SYSTEM
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a broad, general term that describes nonproprietary IT hardware and software made available by the standards and procedures by which their products work, making it easier to integrate them
Allow systems to seamlessly share information Capitalize on enterprise architectures Eliminate proprietary systems and promote competitive pricing |
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ERP
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Enterprise resource planning – integrates all departments and functions throughout an organization into a single IT system (or integrated set of IT systems) so that employees can make enterprisewide decisions by viewing enterprisewide information on all business operations
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reasons ERP systems are powerful organizational tools:
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-logical solution to the mess of incompatible applications
-addresses the need for global info sharing and reporting -used to avoid the pain and expense fo fixing legacy systems |
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ERP benefits
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-Integrate financial information
-Integrate customer order information -Standardize and speed up manufacturing processes -Reduce inventory -Standardize human resource information |
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ERP risks
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software cost
consulting fees process rework customization integration and testing training data warehouse integration |
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MIDDLEWARE
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several different types of software which sit in the middle of and provide connectivity between two or more software applications
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Enterprise application integration (EAI) middleware –
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packages together commonly used functionality which reduced the time necessary to develop solutions that integrate applications from multiple vendors
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MASTER DATA
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does not change very often
A unique master record is created for each General Ledger account contains control info for data entry and data processing |
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CONFIGURATION
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Refers to specifying table settings which control how the system operates.
The process of tailoring SAP software by selecting specific functionality from a list of those supported by the software, very much like setting defaults (e.g., Word, Access) DOES NOT involve changes to the underlying software code Very much like changing switches or setting defaults Configuring is what you do to have the system be able to execute your business processes the way you want them to. (e.g. If you deliver steel, you don’t want a Ferrari, you want a semi-truck. SAP can be either depending upon how you configure it.) Be careful with configuration. Once it is done, it is very difficult to undo. |
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DOCUMENT PRINCIPLE
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Every transaction is an electronic document. It keeps track of everything you do.
Allows users to track every action taken in a company. Simply put, it allows users to answer the question “Where’s my order.” What Where it is and where it came from, and where is it going next When Who |
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CHART OF ACCOUNTS
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The foundation for the General Ledger is the Chart of Accounts
A Chart of Accounts contains a complete list of all of the accounts utilized in the General Ledger for a given company Financial accounting reports are prepared from the balances contained in the General Ledger’s Chart of Accounts Chart of Accounts This is a list of all G/L accounts used by one or several company codes. For each G/L account, the chart of accounts contains the account number, account name, and the information that controls how an account functions and how a G/L account is created in a company code. There are five types of accounts contained in a Chart of Accounts Assets Liabilities Equity Revenues Expenses There are two primary accounting reports prepared from the General Ledger Chart of Accounts Balance Sheet Income Statement Chart of Accounts This is a list of all G/L accounts used by one or several company codes. For each G/L account, the chart of accounts contains the account number, accoun |
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5 types of accounts in CHART OF ACCOUNTS:
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assets
liabils equity revenues expenses |
