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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathway of air |
1. Mouth 2. Larynx 3. Trachea 4. Bronchus 5. Bronchi 6. Bronchioles 7. Alveoli |
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Pulmonary Edema |
Left ventricle failure, hypertension, lung fluid |
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Atelectasis |
Lung collapse, surfactant bubbles |
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Pneumothorax |
Lung collapse-inverted glass of water |
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Bronchiolitis |
Inflamed. mucus |
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Bronchiectasis |
Dilated bronchi, poor mucus movement, bad breath (bacteria) |
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Respiratory S&S |
1. Dyspnea
2. Cyanosis- hypoxia 3. Pain 4. Cough -productive |
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Barrel Chest |
Chest shape in emphysema patients |
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Pigeon Chest |
Chest shape seen in children with asthma due to constant intercostal breathing and thoracic recruitment to breathing |
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Spinal conditions that may provoke secondary pulmonary complications |
Scoliosis and kyphoscoliosis |
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Tracheal Sounds |
Over lung sounds may indicate consolidation or pneumonia |
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No sound |
may indicate collapsed lung, pneumothorax, or pleural ephusion |
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Wheezing and Ronchi |
Obstructive sounds due to partial blocking of the bronchi and bronchioles |
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Crepitations and Crackles |
Short duration sounds due to opening and closing of airways |
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Plural Rub |
Squeak on inhalation and exhalation indicates pleuritis or pleurisy |
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Enhanced Vocal Sounds
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Indicates solid areas- Consolidation or pneumonia |
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"Solid" Percussion |
Indicates possible consolidation. Hollow sound is good |
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
Chronic Bronchitis or Emphysema |
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COPD Type A "Pink Puffer" |
Typically emphysema: loss of alveoli elasticity, barrel chest |
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COPD Type B "Blue Bloater" |
Typically chronic Bronchitis: Productive cough at least 3 months >2 years |
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Asthma |
Acute, reversible, inflammatory, obstructive pulmonary condition secondary to bronchial sensitivity |
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Intrinsic Asthma |
Exercise induced, infection |
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Extrinsic Asthma |
Allergen-induced (mold, smoke, perfume) |
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Conditions with dyspnoea |
Chronic bronchitis Asthma Pneumonia ARDS |
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Conditions with cyanosis: hypoxia |
Pulmonary infarction ARDS |
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Pain |
Pleura fracture Tumor |
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Cough |
Asthma Cystic fibrosis |
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Productive Cough |
Chronic Bronchitis Pneumonia TB |
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Neuropraxia |
-Relatively short term -Block of motor or sensory function without nerve injury |
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Axonotmesis |
-Nerve sheath remains intact -Axon may grow back (1mm/day) |
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Neurotmesis |
-Axon and nerve sheath are damaged -No path to grow back |
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Sensation Testing |
Two point discrimination |
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Tinel's Sign |
Tapping along nerve to find the problem |
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Neural Tension Test |
Straight leg raise and slump test |
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Upper Limb Neural Tension |
Medial, Radial and Ulna Nerve test |
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Neuroma |
Clump of nerve cells growing without direction |
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Wallerian Degeneration |
Myelin sheath deteriorates back to the previous Node of Ranvier |
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Radiculopathy |
Nerve root compression (dermatome, myotome, sclerotome) |
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome |
Compression of medial nerve -Phalen's wrist flexion test |
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Guyon's Canal |
Ulnar nerve |
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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome |
Compression of nerves from neck go into axilla |
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Bell's Palsy |
Facial Palsy |
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Radial Nerve Conditions |
Crutch Palsy Post-Humeral Fracture |
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Bumper Injury |
-Fibula head fracture -Below knee cast -Common peroneal injury -Foot drop |
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Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of thigh entrapment |
compression between the upper front hip bone and the inguinal ligament near the attachment at the ASIS |
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Peripheral Neuropathy |
30% associated with diabetes |
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Degenerative Arthritis |
Osteoarthritis |
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Inflammatory Arthritis |
Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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OA Primary |
Unknown etiology Age Related Some genetic links in the hands |
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OA Secondary to |
Joint injury, obesity, repetitive joint stress, joint infections, hemophilia |
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Loose bodies may be irritants to joint |
Crepitus or locking |
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Fibrillation |
Cracking of cartilage surface |
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Eburnation |
Joint becomes bone on bone and becomes polished |
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Osteophytes |
Boney spurs that may develop at joint margins |
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Genu Valgus |
atrophied quad, hamstring spasm |
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Genu Varus |
Knees out |
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Genu Recurvatum |
knees curved back |
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OA Hip |
Pain in the groin not the hip |
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Trendelengerg gait |
hip abductor weakness |
