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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Criticisms of Psychoanalysis
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Sexually obsessed.
Sexist. Penis envy and the inferiority of female superego Racist. Aimed at YAVIS client (YAVIS is the pneumonic for young, attractive, verbal, intelligent and successful) and based upon Freud's clients were mainly middle-class neurotics from Vienna who were not representative of the population locally or globally Aimed at wealthy. Very long treatment periods. Only recently has therapy been available to everyone. Simplistic. - Perhaps because of the difficulty in summarizing very complicated ideas. Pessimistic view of the world. Freud saw people as foolish and weak and often self-deluded. The more empathic theories see people as basically good, but injured, and for a lot of us, this is easier to swallow. -Peter Kramer (1998) Unscientific and untestable: can not replicate sessions, can not measure outcomes, very subjective |
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Voices of Psychoanalysis
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Sigmund Freud
Anna Freud Karen Horney Carl Jung Alfred Adler Eric Erickson |
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Psychoanalysis definition
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based on Freud's ideas, generally emphasizing the importance of the id and superego as well as sexual impulses
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Psychodynamic approaches
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Based on the ideas of Freud's followers, although often significantly diverging from Freud.
Often emphasizing the ego and impulses other than sex |
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Clinical evidence for postulating the unconscious
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dreams
slips of the tongue posthypnotic suggestions material derived from free-association material derived from projective techniques symbolic content of psychotic symptoms |
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The ID
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The Demanding Child
ruled by the pleasure principle |
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The EGO
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The Traffic Cop
ruled by the reality principle |
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The SUPEREGO
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The Judge
ruled by the moral principle |
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Anxiety (general definition)
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feeling of dread resulting from repressed feelings, memories, and desires
develops out of conflict among the id, ego, and superego to control pscyhic energy |
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Reality Anxiety
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the most basic form, rooted in reality
fear of a dog bite, fear arising from an impending accident (ego based anxiety) most common tension reduction method: removing oneself from the harmful situation |
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Neurotic Anxiety
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Arises from an unconscious fear that the libidinal impulses of the ID will take control at an inopportune moment
Driven by a fear of punishment that will result from expressing the ID's desires without proper sublimation |
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Moral Anxiety
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results from a fear of violating moral or societal codes, moral anxiety appears as guilt or shame
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Ego-defense mechanisms
(definition) |
normal behaviors which operate on an unconscious level and tend to deny or distort reality
help the individual to cope with anxiety and prevent the ego from being overwhelmed have adaptive value if they do not become a style of life to avoid facing reality |
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Projection
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attribute to others qualities and actions that are unacceptable to yourself
(husband accuses wife of cheating) |
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Denial
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when a problem is too threatening
(refusing to get treatment for cancer) |
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Minimization
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used to turn a serious problem into a minor one
(battered wife says husband is not abusive because she hasn't broken any bones) |
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Reaction formation
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denial of a certain desire while responding vehemently to opposing desire
(homophobia) |
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Regression
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used when unable to cope and return to safer level of functioning
(5 year old with new baby sister starts to wet her pants) |
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Intellectualization
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distancing yourself emotionally
(being raped and recalling details and facts of situation and not crying) |
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Compensation
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uses strengths to make up for a difficulty
(getting involved in Big Brothers/Sisters since cannot have children) |
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Displacement
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directing feeligns away from threat and onto someone safe
(husband yelling at wife instead of boss) |
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Sublimation
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healthy, socially acceptable way to express psychological drives
(stuck in traffic and stressed so goes to gym) |
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Oral Stage
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Dependency and trust
first year related to later mistrust and rejection issues |
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Anal Stage
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Shame and doubt
ages 1-3 related to later personal power issues |
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Phallic Stage
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Superego formation, sexual identity
ages 3-6 related to later sexual attitudes |
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Latency stage
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Learning new skills
ages 6-12 a time of socialization |
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Genital Stage
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mature ways of interacting
ages 12-60 Sexual energies are invested in life |
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Psychoanalytic techniques
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free association
client reports immediately without censoring any feelings or thoughts interpretation projective tests dream analysis "royal road to the unconscious" latent (hidden meaning) and manifest (actual images) content |
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Transference
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when a client projects feelings toward the therapist that more legitimately belong with certain important others
Freud said necessary in therapy in order to bring the repressed emotions that have been plaguing the client for so long, to the surface |
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Countertransference
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the reaction of the therapist toward the client that may interfere with objectivity
Not always detrimental to therapeutic goals; can provide important means of understanding your client’s world Countertransference reactions must be monitored so that they are used to promote understanding of the client and the therapeutic process |
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Catharsis
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the sudden and dramatic outpouring of emotion that occurs when the trauma is resurrected
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Insight
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being aware of the source of the emotion, or the original traumatic event
the major portion of therapy is completed when catharsis and insight are experienced what should have happened many years ago - because you were too little to deal with it, or under too many conflicting pressures - has now happened, and you are on your way to becoming a happier person |
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Resistance
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anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the production of unconscious material
helps the client to see that canceling appointments, fleeing prematurely, etc, are ways of defending against anxiety these acts interfere with the ability to accept changes which could lead to a more satisfying life |
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Benefits of group work
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provides a rich framework for working through transference
different group members could come to represent different people in their lives competition for attention of th leader provides opportunities to explore how members dealt with feelings of competition and how it affects their current interactions with others projections experienced in group provide clues to a client's unresolved conflicts |
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Limits of classical analysis
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may not be appropriate for all cultures or SES
deterministic (past) focus does not emphasize current maladaptive behaviors minimizes role of the environment requires subjective interpretation relies heavily on client fantasy lengthy treatment may not be practical or affordable for many clients |