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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What can atropine be used to treat? |
AChesterase poisoning |
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What is used to treat benzo overdose? What other overdose can this be used to treat? |
Flumazenil Diazepam |
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What can be used to correct effects of warfarin? |
Vit K |
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What is used to treat methotrexate-induced toxicity? |
Folate and leucovorin |
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What can be used for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning? |
Ethanol and formeppizole |
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What is used for CO poisoning? |
Hyperbaric oxygen |
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LD50 of methanol? |
30-240 mL |
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How does ethanol reverse methanol poisoning? |
Competitive antagonism slowing down the formation of formaldehyde and methanoic acid by alcohol dehydrogenase |
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Which metabolite formed from the breakdown of ethylene gycol is toxic? Why? |
Oxalic acid Ca oxalate is poorly soluble and crystals form in kidneys leading to obstrutive renal failure |
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What does methanoic acid do to cause toxicity? |
Inhibits mitochondrial function and causes metabolic acidosis negative effect on heart and impairs breathing |
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What does Eth gly do to muscles? |
Weakens them by chelating Ca needed for contraction = tetany |
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What do formepizole/ethanol do to correct EG poisoning? |
Block conversion of EG into oxalic acid |
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How can the muscles problems be corrected in EG poisoning? |
Infusion of Ca gluconate |
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What is used to correct poisoning by heavy metals? |
Dimercaptrol, dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) |
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What is used for iron toxicity? |
Deferoxamine |
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What is used for Cu poisoning? |
Penicillamine |
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What is used for digoxin overdose? |
Digoxin-specific antibodies |
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What is pralidoxime used for? |
ACh esterase poisoning |
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That is used to reverse the formation of Met Hb? |
Methylene blue |
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Reverse cyanide posining? (2) |
Thiosulphate or sodium nitrate |
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What 2 things can be used for paracetamol poisoning? |
methionine or N-acetylcysteine |
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Mechanism of action for pralidoxime? |
Hydroxyl group of ACh esterase binding site preferably binds to pralidoxime and releases covalent bond between sarin and serine |
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What causes formation of MetHb? 2 |
Exposure to aromatic amines e.g. amiline and nitrobenzene Local anaesthetics |
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what oxidation state is MetHb in? |
Fe III |
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Which enzyme converts cyanide to thiocyanate? |
Rhodanase |
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Thiosulphate reacts with cyanide to form what? |
Thiocyanate anion |