Cmst

Emergence of "global village" from spread and development of information tech

Content of things is the least important aspect of our exp w/ culture

Rich in one sensory (little for imagination)

Little audience participation

Brief & intense exp

Engages multiple senses

Needs audience's involvement

Longer, sustained exp

Transitioning from hotter to colder mediums for communicating things

Tech shapes and determines social and cultural developments

New or changing mediums cause us to act and think differently

Oral comm of storytelling

Pre-literate societies

Interdependent societies

Written comm

Intro of alphabet led to linear and rational thinking (systematic thought)

Preserving information

Both written and oral comm

Extending visual and aural senses

Global awareness

Interconnection through internet creates tribal-esque connection

Repre refers to meaning intended by ppl who produce them

Meaning however is not something the author can completely control

Repre either reflects or distorts the meaning

Meaning of some repre is not always about true or false

Meaning is constructed by the way it's repre (things don't have meaning before repre)

Study of signs and language

Everything is text and Everyone is a reader

Symbol, interpretation (denotative/connotative), both, thing being referred to by sign

Ideas widely shared and common to appear universal

Power tries to fix meaning and close interpretation

Signs and other repre are encoded to encourage preferred meaning

Meanings have to be decoded, but audience may not always read things as expected

Type of reading that reflects interests of existing social order

Reading that challenges official meanings

Reading that incorporates dominant and oppositional codes in contradictory ways

Market economy which property and wealth are owned privately

Planned economy which property and wealth are owned collectively

Hunter-gatherer society

No social class or labour division

Slave society

Slave-noble

Agricultural society

Peasant-aristocrasy

1. Capitalist-worker

2. Caps own production line, works sell labour

3. Works exploit by caps

4. Works alienated under caps

5. Capitalism plagued by economic crisis

(unemployment)

6. Works lead revolution against caps

Feeling of powerlessness and separation

They view human institutions as alien (beyond their control)

1. From the product (not entitled to product of work)

2. From the process (less control over work circumstances)

3. From others (exp as hostile)

4. From nature (perform uncreatively)

Ideas that are reflective of a social group

Dominant ideas that shape the thinking of groups

Jews who fled Nazi Germany to California; left 1 form of fascism for another; totalitarianism isn't different from liberal democracy

Nazis came into power through parliamentary road; fascism was voted into office; liberal democracy led to totalitarianism

Mass culture makes us blindly accept things in culture without critical thing of it; popular culture isn't popular

High embodies sophosticated aesthetic

Low is for the oppresses toiled masses and reflects their values and struggles

It's suppose to represent intellect but celebrates mediocrity; it's now produced industrially

Not popular at all; isn't shaped by masses but is imposed upon them

Unconscious impulse to satisfy desires; gains upper hand on indiv

Understsnding psychoanalysis and using the "talking cure", self-thinking of impulses leads to overcoming it

As it was studied to give people rational control, mass cultures studied it to manipulate masses

Process which the ways of subcultures are appropriated by dominant cultural order; from opposition against society, to society norm outrage, to mainstreaming

Cinematic exp produced spectatorship, unseen voyeurs, voyeuristic pleasure

Voyuerism in cinema is from a straight male perspective through representations of women being body objectification and eroticism

Women now depicted as active, independent, sexually poweful

Images of empowered women can lead to seeking empowerment through purchasing and in service of own desires (not men or society)

Representation and "knowledge" of the other; not just for hate, but also desire

Through tech, perception of reality and signs are changing; perceiving articifial as natural

Signs preceding referents; repre not referring, but constructing reality

Simulations feel more real than the genuine article

Idea that actions have no effect but feelings of participation allow us to fall into it; reverse when ppl don't believe in feeling of participation

Forum where issues affecting all of society can be raitionally debated

Capitalism is believed to be causing people to spend as much away from the public sphere

Liberalization of trade between nations

Undermined power of nations to dictate their own affairs

Proliferation of mass media and info comm tech (circulation of images and info)

Fetishism of East vs. West

Was a singular, unique event

Must be treated seriously

Historical records can't be altered

To notice skin colour and consider them as signs of racial identity

As modern scientific culture got obsessed with classifying differences (plants, animals, places), racial diff were biologized and naturalized

As race has become unreliable as a way for classification, stereotyping became the strategy to make boundaries

A way to reduce ppl to simple features taken as fixed by nature (sometimes establishes binaries)

1. Reversing (embracing negatives and making the desirable)

2. Positive image (creating positive view on stereotyped groups)

3. Opening practice (satire)

18 century Brit prison design to min violence with max security

The idea of chosen isolation, however it is disappearing through self security

Labour to nothing between product or service; from wealth from sellings goods to data extraction