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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Communication
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Communication is the process of understanding and sharing meaning. It is the way we seek, process, and share information.
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Quantitative definition of interpersonal communication
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Any interaction between two people usually face to face.
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Qualitative definition of interpersonal communication
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Treating each person as an individual.
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Listening
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Making sense of spoken messages.
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Hearing
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Sounds waves strike the ear at a certain frequency.
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5 elements of the listening process
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Hearing, Attending (job interview), understanding (attribution), responding (observable feedback), remembering (recalling)
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7 types of ineffective listening
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Pseudo listening, stage-hogging, selective listening, insulated listening, defensive listening, ambushing, insensitive listening
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Pseudo listening
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Giving the apperance of listening
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Stage-hogging
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Changing of the focus from the speaker to yourself
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Selective listening
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Screening out everything unimportant to you
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Insulated listening
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Failing to listen to a topic you would rather not deal with
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Defensive listening
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remarks are taken as personal attacks
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Ambushing
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Collecting information you can use to attack someone
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Insensitive listening
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Missing the emotional information of a message
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Types of listening responses
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Prompting or encouraging, questioning (clarifying), paraphrasing (reflects understanding), supporting (empathy), avoiding minimizing and defending self, analyzing or interpreting, advising (offering solutions), and judging (evaluating)
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8 Factors that influence relational formation
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Appearence, similarity, complementarity (opposites attract), reciprocal attraction (we like people who like us), competence (hoping a person's skill will rub off on us), disclosure (sharing private info that you have in common), proximity (people we interact with frequently), rewards (cost and benefits)
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Knapp's model of relational stages
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Initiating (exchanging friendly expressions), experimenting (small talk), intensifying (favors, nonverbal expression of feelings), integrating (shared identities), bonding (public expression of comitment), differentiating (focusing on yourself and not the couple), circumscribing (spending less time together and becomming distant), stagnating (no growth and relationship becomes boring), avoiding, terminating
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Benfits of self-disclosure
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Catharsis, reciprocity, self-clarification, self-validation, identity management, relational maintanance and enhancement, and social influence
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Catharsis
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Getting things off your cheast
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Reciprocity
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Comfortable communication climate
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Self-clarification
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Talking it out with someone
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Self-validation
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Confirmation
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Indentity management
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Seem more friendly and likeable and if they trust you, you can trust them.
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Relational maintanance and enhancement
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Intimacy grows with greater self-disclosure.
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Social influence
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Control over other person and situation.
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Risks of self-disclosure
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Rejection, negative impression, decrease in relational satisfaction, loss of influence, and hurting the other person
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Rejection
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fear of disapproval
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Negative impression
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Will they see you in a possitive light?
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Decrease in relational satisfaction
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Will this affect the relationship negatively?
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Loss of influence
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Secret weaknesses exposed.
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Hurting the other person
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Revealling can be hurtful to other's feelings
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Types of disconfirming messages
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Impervious, interrupting, irrelevant, tangential, impersonal, ambiguous, incongruous, agressiveness, and complaining
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Impervious responses
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Does not acknowlwdge the other person's message.
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Interrupting
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Shows a lack of concern for what the other person has to say
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Irrelevant responses
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Making a comment that has nothing to do with what the other person has said
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Tangential responses
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The other party uses the speaker to shift to a different topic
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Impersonal responses
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Has cliches and other statements that never truly respond to the speaker
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Ambiguous responses
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Messages with more than one meaning leaving the party unsure
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Incongruous responses
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Contains two messages, one verbal, and one nonverbal.
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Agressiveness
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Attacting the self-concepts of other people.
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Complaining
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Not prepared to argue but still want to register dissatisfaction
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Cognative dissonance
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Inconsistancy between two conflicting pieces of information, attitudes, or behavior
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Avoiding (lose-lose)
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Low concern for self and others
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Accomadation (lose-win)
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Less concern for self and more for others
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Competition (win-lose or lose-win)
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Power coming from a physical stand point or authoritative control
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Passive agression
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Hostility expressed in an obsecure or manipulative way
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Compromise (win-win)
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Can reach a satisfactory conclusion for both parties but is not always a good way to end a conflict
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Collaborating (win-win)
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Equal concern for self and others; work together to satisfy needs of everyone
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How do you cite an academic journal in APA?
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Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages.
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