Com 305 Exam 1

· Communication depends on our ability tounderstand one another

· the notion that people and interactions are partof the communication process

ongoing, dynamic, andunending occurrence

arbitrary label given to aphenomenon

what people extract from amessage

situation or context inwhich communication occurs

· A group of scholars who believed that a person“cannot not communicate”

· One-way view of communication that assumes amessage is sent by a source to a receiver through a channel

· View of communication as the sharing of meaningwith feedback that links source and receiver

· View of communication as the simultaneoussending and receiving of messages

· perceived rightness or wrongness of an action orbehavior

· a socialprocess in which individuals employ symbols to establish and interpret meaningin their environmentChapter 2

o Talkas a practical art

o Rethinkingwhat is natural

information-processing

casual linking

from anothers view

advocating fairness

communication with oneself

face-toface

communication within small group

com within large and extended envirnoment

com to a large group of listeners

com between members of different cultures

· An abstract system of concepts and theirrelationships that help us to understand a phenomenon

· Any factor trait or condition that can exist indiffering amounts or types

· Independent variable: a variablethat stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure· Dependent variable: what you measure in the experiment and whatis affected during the experiment

a hypothesis predicts and a research question · can be researched that is neither too broad nortoo narrowThe empirical approach

a branch of knowledgefocused on the nature of reality

a branch of knowledgefocused on how we know things

a branch of knowledgefocused on what is worth knowing

a guideline for creatingtheory suggesting that theories conform to a general law that is universal andinvariant

· : a guideline for creating theory that buildshuman choice into explanations

a guideline for creatingtheory that acknowledges human choice and the constraints of the systemsinvolved

cope, logical consistency, parsimony, utility, testability, heurism, test of time

refers to breadth of communication begaviors covered in the theory

referes to internal logic in the theoritical statements

refers to simplicity of explanation provided by theory

refers to the theory’susefulness or practical value

· Heurism: refers to the amount of research andnew thinking stimulated by the theory

refers to the theory’sdurability over time

· moving from the specific (the observations) tothe general (the theory)

moving from the general(the theory) to the specific (the observations

theory induced from data and analysis

· Pure research: research to generate knowledge· Applied research: research to solve a problem orcreate a policy

· Reliability: the stability and predictability ofan observation· Validity: the truth value of an observation

· The importance of meaning for human behavior· The importance of the self-conceptThe relationship between the individual andsociety

· A prediction about yourself causing you tobehave in such a way that it comes true

· Mind: the ability to use symbols with commonsocial meanings·

Self: imagining how we look to another person· Society: the web of social relationships humanscreate and respond to

Transmitting experience from one generation to anotherespecially through the use of symbols

Scope: SIT is too broad to be useful·

Utility: it focuses too much on the individualand it ignores some important concepts that are needed to make the explanationcomplete· Testability: the theory’s broad scope rendersits concepts vague

· How individuals establish rules for creating andinterpreting meaning and how those rules are enmeshed in a conversation wheremeaning is constantly being coordinated

content, speech act, episodes, relationship, life scripts, cultural patterns

conversion of raw data into meaning

action we perform by speaking

communication routines that have recognized beginnning, middle and end

agreement and understanding between two people

clusters of past or present episodes that create a system of manageable meanings with others

images of the world and a person's relationship to it

questioninig, complementing, threatening

rules of meaning are consistent throughout the loop

scope: its too broad

utility:

testability

(heaurism)

the feeling people have when they find themselves doing things that don't fit with waht they know, or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they hold

two elements in quilibrium with wachother

two elements in diequilibrium

2 elelements that have no meaningful relation to eachother

human beings desire consistnacy in their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors

dissonance is created by psychological inconsistancies

Dissonance is an aversive state that drivespeople to actions with measurable effects

· Dissonance motivates efforts to achieveconsonance and efforts toward dissonance reduction

quantitative amount of discomfort felt

refers to how significant the issue is

amount of consonant cognitions relative to dissonant ones

reasing

a method for reducingdissonance by seeking information that is consonant with current beliefs andactions