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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
NEURON |
CELL SPECIALIZED FOR NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION |
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NERVES |
COLLECTIONS OF THEIR PROCESSES |
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WHAT ARE THE TWO LARGE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? |
PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL |
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PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM |
INCLUDES ALL PARTS OF THE SYSTEM THAT ARE OUTSIDE OF THE BONY CASINGS OF THE SKULL & SPINAL COLUMN |
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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM |
INCLUDES ALL PARTS OF THE SYSTEM THAT ARE WITHIN THE SKULL AND SPINAL COLUMN. SPINAL COLUMN ENCASES AND PROTECTS THE SPINAL CORD. SKULL ENCASES AND PROTECTS THE BRAIN |
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FORAMEN MAGNUM |
WHERE SPINAL CORD ARE BRAIN ARE CONTINUOUS [HOLE AT THE BASE OF THE BRAIN] |
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ANATOMICAL POSITION |
THE REFERENCE POSITION |
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CEPHALIC |
NOSE END [AKA ROSTRAL] TOWARDS THE HEAD |
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CAUDAL |
BUTTOCKS END [TAIL END IN LOWER ANIMALS] |
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DORSAL |
BACK [POSTERIOR] |
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VENTRAL |
FRONT [ANTERIOR] |
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IN THE MOST CEPHALIC REGION IN THE BRAIN ______ MEANS SUPERIOR AND ______ MEANS INFERIOR |
DORSAL, VENTRAL |
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MEDIAL |
TOWARD THE MIDLINE |
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LATERAL |
AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE |
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SAGITTAL SECTION |
ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR CUT [SHOWS EITHER THE RIGHT OR LEFT SIDE OF THE BRAIN OR SPINAL CORD, USUALLY SLICED IN THE MIDLINE] |
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PARASAGITTAL SECTION |
SLICED LATERAL TO THE MIDLINE |
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CORONAL SECTION |
LEFT-RIGHT CUT [SHOWS THE DORSAL OR VENTRAL SIDE; MADE IN THE CEREBRAL HEMISPERES OR CEREBELLUM-A TOP VIEW OF THE HEMISPHERES] |
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SPINAL CORD |
LONG COLUMN OF AFFERENT AND EFFERENT NERVE ENDINGS |
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AFFERENT NERVE FIBERS |
ASCENDING NERVE FIBERS THAT CARRY INFO TO THE BRAIN |
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EFFERENT NERVE FIBERS |
NERVE FIBERS DESCENDING [TO CARR COMMANDS FROM THE BRAIN] |
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CAUDA EQUINA |
THE BUNDLE OF SPINAL NERVES THAT DESCENDS IN THE SPINAL COLUMN BEFORE EXITING |
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CERVICAL VERTEBRAE |
FIRST 7 VERTEBRAE OF THE SPINAL COLUMN |
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THROACIC VERTEBRAE |
NEXT 12 VERTEBRAE UNDER CERVICAL[7] |
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LUMBAR VERTERBRAE |
NEXT 5 VERTERBRAE UNDER THROACIC[12] |
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SACRAL VERTERBRAE |
NEXT 5 VERTEBRAE UNDER LUMBAR [5] |
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COCCYGEAL VERTEBRAE |
LAST 1-3 VERTEBRAE |
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SPINAL NERVES |
CARRY MOTOR AND SENSORY INFORMATION TO/FROM THE BODY. CORRESPOND TO VERTEBRAL LEVEL AT WHICH THEY EXIT [ON THE LEFT AND RIGHT] |
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LOSS OF FUNCTION IN THE SPINAL CORD |
IF THE SPINAL CORD IS SEVERED FUNCTION TO ALL MUSCLES BELOW THE LEVEL OF THE DAMAGE IS LOST. [EX. IF AN INDIVIDUAL HAS A SPINAL CORD INJURY AT THE LEVEL OF C2 MOTOR INNERVATION TO ALL MUSCLES OF RESPIRATION WILL BE LOST] |
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DERMATOME |
THE AREA OF SKIN INNERVATED BY NERVES RELATED TO A PARTICULAR SEGMENT OF THE SPINAL CORD |
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BRACHIAL PLEXUS & LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS |
WHERE THE SPINAL CORD ENLARGES IN THESE AREA. FORMED BY LARGE NUMBERS OF NERVE CELL BODIES & PROCESSES THAT COLLECT IN THOSE AREAS. EX. AFFERENT AND EFFERENT NERVES IN THE _____ ________ INNERVATE THE UPPER EXTREMETIES [ARMS] |
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GLIA |
OTHER CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM THAT SUPPORT NEURON |
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GRAY MATTER |
AREAS OF THE CNS COMPOSED PRIMARILY OF CELL BODIES, AS COLLECTIONS OF NEURON CELL BODIES |
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WHITE MATTER |
AREAS COMPOSED PRIMARILY OF NEURON PROCESSES AS A RESULT OF SOME SPECIALIZED GLIA WRAPPING THEMSELVES AROUND THE PROCESSES OF MANY NEURONS [FORMING INSULATING FATTY LAYERS] |
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NEURAXIS |
BRAINSTEM & SPINAL CORD |
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LARGE DIVISIONS OF THE BRAIN |
BRAINSTEM, DIENCEPHALON, CEREBELLUM, CEREBRUM, & NEURAXIS |
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BRAINSTEM |
INCLUDES MEDULLA OBLONGATA, PONS, MIDBRAIN |
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DIENCEPHALON |
THALAMUS, EPITHALAMUS, HYPOTHALAMUS |
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3 PARTS OF CEREBELLUM & CEREBRUM |
CORTEX, DEEP CEREBELLAR NUCLEI, BASAL GANGLIA |
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CORTEX |
MOST SUPERFICIAL PART OF EACH STRUCTURE; PRIMARILY GRAY MATTER/NEURON CELL BODIES |
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DEEP CEREBELLAR NUCLEI |
GROUPS OF CELL BODIES DEEP WITHIN THE CEREBELLUM |
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BASAL GANGLIA |
GROUPS OF CELL BODIES DEEP WITHIN THE CEREBRUM |
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LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX |
FRONTAL, PARIETAL, AND OCCIPITAL |
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DEEP SULCI |
FISSURES; WRINKLED HILLOCKS & GROVES ON THE CORTEX |
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CENTRAL SULCUS AKA FISSURE OF ROLANDO |
DIVIDES THE PRECENTRAL GYRUS OF THE FRONTAL LOBE FROM THE POSTCENTRAL GYRUS OF THE PARIETAL LOBE |
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PARIETOOCCIPITAL SULCUS |
SEPARATES THE PARIETAL AND OCCIPITAL LOBES |
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INSULA |
HIDES WITHIN THE LATERAL SULCUS, AKA SYLVIAN FISSURE, AND IS A PART OF THE CORTEX |
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LONGITUDINAL FISSURE |
DIVIDES THE TWO HEMISPHERES |
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CORPUS CALLOSUM |
MASSIVE WHITE STRUCTURE INCLUDED IN THE FIBER BUNDLES CONNECTING THE TWO HEMISPHERES |
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BRADMANN'S NUMBERS |
HOW SOME AREAS OF THE BRAIN ARE STILL IDENTIFIED, BASED ON WHAT SOME NEUROANATOMISTS REFERRED TO PATCHES OF THE CORTEX W/A UNIFORMLY SIMILAR CELL PATTERNS |
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HIPPOCAMPUS |
PORTION OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX, HIDDEN WITHIN THE SYLVIAN FISSURE, AND IS NAMED FOR ITS SEAHORSE SHAPE IN CROSS-SECTION |
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SUBSTANTIA NIGRA |
IN THE MIDBRAIN AND IS NAMED FOR ITS BLACK APPEARANCE [LESIONS HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE] |
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CAUDATE NUCLEUS & VENTRICLES |
LARGE INTERNAL SPACES |
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SUPERIOR & INFERIOR COLLICULI |
LOCATED AT THE ROSTRAL END OF THE BRAINSTEM |
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STRIATUM |
BASAL GANGLIA, CAUDATE NUCLEUS, GLOBUS PALLIDUS, AND PUTAMEN [AS WELL AS THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA & NIGRA & THE SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS] |
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THE BRAINSTEM |
PHYLOGENETICALLY THE OLDEST PART OF THE BRAIN, AND IS THE EXTENSION OF THE SPINAL CORD INSIDE THE SKULL. AREA OF TRANSITION BETWEEN THE CEREBRUM AND THE SPINAL CORD WHERE MANY IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS ARE CONTROLLED. |
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CRANIAL NERVE |
EFFERENT AND AFFERENT FIBERS RELATED TO PARTS OF THE BRAINSTEM. 12 PAIRS WITH 2 ROLES: BRING INFO FROM THE SPECIAL SENSE AND SOMATIC SENSES OF THE FACE AND HEAD INTO THE BRAIN, AND THEY SEND COMMANDS OUT TO THE MUSCLES AND GLANDS OF THE HEAD AND NECK TO CONTROL BEHAVIOR |
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MENINGES |
TOUGH MEMBRANES THAT PROTECT THE SOFT, GELATINOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM FROM CONTUSION AND INFECTION |
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CEREBROSPINAL FLUID |
CUSHIONS THE NERVOUS SYSTEM [IMPORTANT PART OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF THE CNS] |