Computers, Chapter 9

A set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer or mobile device hardware

Consists of ROM chips or flash memory chips that store permanent instructions

Operating System that a computer uses sometimes; its specifications will identify the required platform(s), or the operating system(s), on which it will run.

An application that runs the same on multiple operating systems

The core of the operating system that manages memory and devices, maintains the internal clock, runs programs, and assigns the resources, such as devices, programs, apps, data, and information.

When a kernel remains in memory while the computer or mobile device is running

Nonresident instructions remain on a storage medium until they are needed, at which time they transfer into memory (RAM)

Drive from which your personal computer starts, which typically is an internal hard drive, such as a hard disk or SSD

Removable media

Media can be used to start the computer

Saves any open documents and running programs or apps to memory, turns off all unneeded functions, and then places the computer in a low-power state.

Saves any open documents and running programs or apps to an internal hard drive before removing power from the computer or device

Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen

You interact with menus and visual images by touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking buttons, and other objects to issue commands.

A user types commands represented by short keywords or abbreviations or presses special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions.

Users interact with the software through ordinary, intuitive behavior

The set of commands used to control actions when working with a command-line interface

Allows only one program or app to run at a time

Allows two or more programs or apps to reside in memory at the same time

The active program that an individual is currently using

Other programs that are running but currently not being used

Operating system enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously

Enables a computer to run another operating system in addition to the one installed.

It swaps exchanges data, information, and instructions between memory and storage

Amount of data and program instructions that can swap at a given time

Technique of swapping items between memory and storage; time-consuming process for the computer

When an operating system spends much of its time paging, instead of executing application software

Segment of memory or storage in which items are placed while waiting to be transferred from an input device or an output device

Sends documents to be printed to a buffer instead of sending them immediately to the printer

A program intercepts documents to be printed from the operating system and places them in the queue

Multiple documents lined up in the buffer.

Small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device

Program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices

Performs functions related to displaying files; organizing files in folders; and copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files

Attempts to locate a file on your computer or mobile device based on specified criteria

Displays, copies, and prints the contents of a graphics files

Removes a program or app, as well as any associated entries in the system files

Searches for and removes unnecessary files

Recognizes the files and unused space on a computer's hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs and apps run faster

Causes a display's screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no keyboard or mouse activity occurs for a specified time

Shrinks the size of a file(s)

Identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability or improving a computer's performance

Copies selected files or the contents of an entire storage medium to another location

Feature that regularly provides new features or corrections to the program

Offers of free downloadable updates to users who have registered and/or activated their software

The person overseeing network operations, uses the server operating system to add and remove users, computers, and other devices to and from the network

-Firewall

-Automatic

-Antivirus Sotware

-Spyware and Malware Detection Software

Accounts possessed by network administrators, as well as owners of computers, that enables them to access all files and programs, install programs, and specify settings that affect all users on a computer, mobile device, or network.

Definitions of who can access certain resources and when they can access those resources

Allows a user access into the account/resources

Private combination of characters associated with the user name that allows access to certain computer, mobile device, or network resources

A unique combination of characters, such as letters of the alphabet and/or numbers, that identifies a specific user

Program is one that runs only on a specific type of make of computer or mobile device

Privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer or device model

Operating systems that run on computers and mobile devices provided by a variety of manufacturers

An application that can run newer versions of the operating system

-Desktop

-Server

-Mobile

Complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets; also work in conjunction with a server operation system; can operate with or without a network

-Start screen with tiles

-Include the desktop interface

-Support for input via touch, mouse, and keyboard,

-Email app, calendar app, and browser

-Photos, files, and settings can sync with cloud server

-Enhanced security with antivirus program, firewall, and automatic updates

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Has earned a reputation for its easy use; features include

-Mail, calendar, contacts, and syncs with the cloud server

-Communication and play games with mobile devices

-Built-in Facebook and Twitter

-Browser

-Open multiple desktops

-Dictated words convert to text

-Support for Braille displays

Use to view, organize, and run apps on Mac OS

Multitasking operation system developed in the early 1970's by scientists at Bell Laboratories; has a command-line interface.

The industry standards organization who owns UNIX as a trademark

Section of storage or memory reserved for a specific program or application

Popular, multitasking UNIX-based operating system that runs on a variety of personal computers, servers, and devices

Coding is provided for use, modification, and redistribution

Introduced by Google, is a Linux-based operating system designed to work primarily with web apps

A specialized laptop that runs Chrome

A specialized desktop that runs Chrome

Multi-user operating system that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network

The practice of sharing or pooling computing resources, such as servers or storage devices.

Developed by Microsoft, Windows Server enables organizations to manage applications and websites on-site and/or on the cloud

Developed by Apple, OS X Server enables organizations to collaborate, share files, host websites and mail servers, and more on Mac computers and iOS devices

Operating system on mobile devices and many consumer electronics; resides on firmware

Typically has one program running at a time, although others may be running in the background

Open source, Linux-based operating system designed by Google for smartphones and tablets

App store provides access to apps, songs, books, and movies

Provides access to email, contacts, calendar, photos, files, and more

Developed by Apple, a proprietary mobile operating system specifically made for Apple's mobile devices

A voice recongition app; enables you to speak instructions or questions to which it takes actions or responds with speech output

App provides a centralized location for coupons, boarding passes, loyalty cards, and mobile payment accounts in a single, easily accessible location

Developed by Microsoft, is a proprietary mobile operating system that runs on some smartphones

Provides access to additional apps and software updates

App that provides a centralized location for coupons, credit cards, loyalty cards, and memberships in a single, easily accessible location