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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is one possibility for high intelligence? Proof: |
Excellent working memory High correlation with verbal SAT scores N-Back training increased ability in task as well as general intelligence |
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What is the defining activity of the Central Executive? |
Manipulation of remembered information |
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What tests controlled updating of short-term memory? |
N-back task, self-ordered search
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What does the tower of Hanoi test? |
Setting goals and planning |
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What does the Wisconsin Sorting Task test? |
Task switching |
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What does the stroop task test? |
Response inhibition and Stimulus attention |
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What area of the brain is thought to play a key role in working memory? |
Prefrontal Cortex |
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Dysexecutive Syndrome |
Damage to the PFC that causes a decrease in working memory and executive function |
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Neurons of the ______ fire while memories are being maintained in working memory |
DLPFC (Delay neurons) |
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Different delay neurons seem to do what? |
Encode different memory locations |
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Imaging studies suggest human DLPFC also shows.... during working memory tasks |
delay-specific activity |
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Within the PFC, different areas seem to |
support different aspects of working memory |
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What part of the PFC supports the CE? |
DLPFC |
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What part of the PFC supports storage? What else? |
VLPFC supports active maintenance of auditory (left) and visual (right) information |
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Where is object and location memory stored? |
Right posterior cortical areas |
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Where is verbal information stored |
Left posterior cortical and speech areas |
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Goals may be represented from |
Anterior to Posterior axis of the PFC |
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What is the nature of PFC interactions with Parietal Lobe? |
Storage Coordination |
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Retrieval of long term memories seems to depend on the |
DLPFC |
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Retrieval of past memories requires activation of |
DLPFC |
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Two main symptoms of Schizo. |
1.Poor working memory, especially CE 2. Altered frontal lobe function, especially DLPFC |
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2 major ideas of concept theory |
1. Associative Theory 2. Cognitive processes |
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Associative theory |
Argues that concept learning is just discrimination training |
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Cognitive processes theory |
Hypothesis testing win-stay loss-shift strategy Can be combined with associative theory |
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Semantic networks model Related concepts are... |
Brain makes connections between concepts Nearer to each other |
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Collins and Loftus model |
Network model No hierarchy Variation in link lengths to account for typicality effects |
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Your brain is a cognitive ____ |
Miser, meaning it has a tendency to form schemas |
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Availability Heuristic |
Tendency to base a judgment on the ease which which one can bring something to mind |
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Representative Heuristic |
Tendency to presume that someone or something belongs to a particular group if it resembles a typical group member |
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What is the problem of the Representative Heuristic |
Base rate fallacy |
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What is a mental set? |
persistence in using strategies that have worked in the past |
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Fixation |
An inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective. Can be as seen adding a false constraint: a matchbox can only be used for matches |
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Approximately what % of students are incremental learners? |
40% |
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Growth Mindset vs. Fixed mindset |
Most basic abilities can be developed through hard work and dedication vs. believing your intelligence and talent are simply fixed traits |