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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the medical terminology? _____________ occurs when the bottom portion of the heart beats at a very fast rate. In extreme cases, it beats so fast that the hearts ability to actually move blood forward is lost, resulting in cardiac arrest? |
Ventricular Tachycardia |
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How many times more likely are you likely to survive if early defibrillation with an AED is used? |
double or even triple the chances of survival |
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In simple terms, the chain of survival for cardiac arrests outside of a hospital consists of 5 interdependent links: In simple terms. describe them. |
1) Early recognition of CA and activate EMS 2) Immediate CPR with Chest compressions 3) Rapid defribilation (AED) 4) Effective basic and advanced EMS care 5) Effective care at hospital |
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What is the most effective way to end ventricular fibrillation? |
The most effective way to end fibrillation is defibrillation using a defibrillator and electrode pads adhered to the chest. AED |
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What is secondary cardiac arrest? |
When cardiac arrest is the end result of a blocked airway or loss of breathing. This can be caused by drug OD, drowning, hazardous breathing conditions in a confined space, etc.
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What is the chain of survival for children in secondary cardiac arrest? |
Prevention of airway and breathing emergencies Early CPR- emphasis on breaths, defib if needed Activate EMS Effective Basic and Advanced care Effective post-cardiac arrest care at hospital |
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In the case of drug overdoses, what drug can we use to temporarily reverse the life-threatening effects of opioids? |
Naloxone or Narcan |
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What are the 2 key elements of high-performance CPR? |
1) High-quality CPR skills
2) A more efficient team approach to resuscitation |
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What are some HQ CPR skills? |
1) starting within 10 seconds of CA 2) Compressing 100-120 times per minute 3) Compressing hard and at proper depth 4) Allow for complete chest recoil 5) Minimize interruptions 6) Effective rescue breaths 7) Avoiding excessive air on breaths |
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You are part of a team of BLS providers who have responded to a person experiencing a cardiac arrest. Identify the 2 main things that have an influence on being able to treat this person in a high-performance manner. |
1) Having proper CPR skills 2) Effective team work |
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What are some of the most common infectious blood borne diseases? What do we use to protect ourselves? |
Hep B, C and HIV. We enact Standard Precautions and Body Substance Isolation. BSI. |
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________describes protective barriers worn to prevent exposure to infectious diseases. Reducing exposure lowers the chance of infection. |
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) |
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What are some examples of PPE used for resuscitation? |
disposable gloves CPR masks Bag-mask devices eyewear face-shields |
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True or false? You are caring for a 5-year old child who in not breathing. Because she is a child it is not important to use a CPR mask or bag-mask device when giving rescue breaths. |
False |
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You are an EMS provider who has responded to a bystander report of a person who has collapsed. Your BLS assessment indicates cardiac arrest. Because you are the EMS response, to whom might you communicate about the arrest> |
We can request help from advanced care providers or inform other incoming responders about the details of the situation found |
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How deep should our compressions be? |
Compressions should be more than 2 inches |
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How fast should we perform our compressions? |
Between 100-120 times per minute |
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True or false? We can lean on the chest between compressions? |
False, let it rebound at the top of each compression |
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When performing compressions on children, it is similar to that of an adult. Push deep, straight down how far? For smaller children do we use one hand of two? |
2 inches or about 1/3 the depth of the chest On a smaller child we can use the heel of one hand |
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When doing compressions on an infant with _____ or more providers, we encircle the sides of the chest with your hands and use your thumb tips to compress the lower third of the breastbone. How deep do we compress? |
When we have 2 or more providers We compress 1/3 the depth of the chest or about 1 1/2 inches |
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What are the 4 measures of HQ chest compressions for an adult? |
1) Deep, more than 2 inches 2) 100-120 times per minute 3) Don't lean 4) Minimize interruptions |
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When can we start to experience damage from compressions? |
When we go about 2.4 inches deep |
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Where do we place our hands on the chest? |
On the lower half of the breastbone. |
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With infants, if there is only one provider. What do the chest compressions look like? |
2 fingers on breastbone just below the nipple line
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The air we breathe around us is about _____% oxygen. Our exhaled air contains about ____% oxygen. |
21% 16% |
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What is the most common cause of a blocked airway? |
The tongue |
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Name this method of establishing an airway: One Hand on the the forehead Fingertips of the other hand under the bony part of the chin Lift Chin up, leave mouth slightly open Avoid pressing into the soft tissue of the chin |
Head Tilit-Chin Lift |
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When it comes to infants and giving rescue breaths, the airways may become blocked if the head is tilted too far. So how do we position the head? |
In neutral position so that the ear opening are level with the infant's shoulders. Only provide enough air to make the chest visibly rise. |
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If you were to give mouth-to-mouth, how do we give these breaths? |
By pinching the nose, opening your mouth wide, sealing your mouth around the person's mouth. |
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What is it called when excessive air on rescue breaths is forced into the stomach? What can happen? |
Gastric Inflation This can result in vomiting and complicate resuscitation efforts. |
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This airway technique is especially useful when working in a team or when using a bag-mask device. The provider is located above the person's head and uses 2 hands to tilt the head and thrust the jaw upward. |
Called the Jaw Thrust |
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This is recommended with the use of a bag-mask device to help maintain an open airway. |
OPA ( Oropharyngeal Airways) |
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If there is potential for a neck injury, a jaw thrust without head tilt can be used to open the airway. If this doesn't work resort to jaw thrust with a head tilt, or chin lift. You must get an airway. |
Just know |
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What is the recommended length and volume of a rescue breath? |
Each breath should be about 1 second in length and have only enough air to create a visible rise of the chest, but no more. Let the person exhale between breaths. Take a regular breath before delivering the second rescue breath. |
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These types of defibrillation programs promote bystander training, access, and use of AEDS, especially in location where large numbers of people may gather such as airports, stores, hotels, etc. |
PAD Public Acces |
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When adhering the defibrillation pads to the chest what are somethings we have to worry about? |
Chest must be dry Might need to remove a bra Might need to shave chest hair |
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Where do the pads go on AED? |
One is placed below the right collarbone, above the nipple and beside the breastbone. The other pad goes on the left side, over the ribs, and a few inches below the ambit. |
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In most cases of CA in children High Quality CPR with effective rescue breaths may be the only treatment required for successful resuscitation. However, if AED is warranted where do the pads go on smaller children and infants? What type of defibrillator is preferred for infants? |
One goes on the center of the chest just below the collarbones The second pad on the center of the back between the shoulder blades In most cases, a manual defibrillator is wanted for infants |
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When using an AED is it ok if the person is on a wet surface? |
Yes, just don't immerse the AED in fluids and make sure the chest is bare and dry. |
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Recall the four basic steps of AED use: |
1) Turn it on 2) Attach the Pads 3) Let it analyze (don't touch or move patient) 4) Deliver shock if warranted |
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BLS assessment is a simple way to quickly identify if resuscitation is required. It is the same for all ages. What are the basic steps? |
1) Ensure the scene is safe 2) Assess responsiveness 3) Assess breathing and pulse 4) Activate EMS protocol |
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When doing BLS assessment, there is modification for Drowning. If breathing is absent or only gasping, provide 2 initial rescue breaths that make the chest visibly rise. If the pulse is felt continue rescue breathing.If pulse is absent---then go to CPR and attach an AED as soon as one is available. |
Just not that assessment determines care |
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Situations: If person is breathing normally and uninjured, how do we place them? If there is no breathing but a pulse? If there is no breathing and no pulse? |
1) recovery position 2)Rescue breathing (no compressions) 3) chest compressions and breaths |
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When checking for a pulse, what is the time limit? |
Take at least 5 seconds and no longer than 10 to check breathing and pulse |
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When checking pulses in an adult where do we look? In an infant? |
Check the Carotid Infants-brachial |
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What is the treatment for respiratory arrest? What is the timing. |
Rescue breathing is the treatment Adults: 1 breath every 5 seconds. or 10 to 12 breaths per minute |
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If a person is in respiratory arrest how often do we reassess the pulse? |
Every 2 minutes and take no longer than 10 seconds to do so. If pulse goes absent and tissue signs indicate poor perfusion- perform CPR |
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What about rescue breaths for children? Pace? |
1 breath every 3-5 seconds or 12-20 per minute. If the pulse rate is 60 beats per minute or fewer start CPR |
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What is the Ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths in an adult CPR cycle? |
30:2 Take less than 10 seconds to give rescue breaths |
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What is the ratio of chest compressions to reduce breaths for children?
If there are 2 providers? |
30:2
2 providers: 15:2 |
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When 2 providers are available to perform CPR, one performs compressions and the other gives the breaths. The ratio is still 30:2. How often should you switch? |
Switching should happen every 2 minutes after rescue breath at the end of a CPR cycle |
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When team resuscitation is available name each responders initial responsibility: |
1) First person is compressor
2) Ventilator and breaths 3) Team leader maintains and supervises 4) AED operator Other roles available, bag-masker and scribe |
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This is described as the percentage of overall CPR time that compressions are being performed. Higher percentages are associated with high-quality CPR and greater rates of survival for cardiac arrest. A fraction percentage of at least 60% is recommended. |
Chest Compression Fraction (CCF) |
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This is a device placed into the trachea or esophagus to allow direct ventilation into the lungs while helping to prevent aspiration of fluids or foreign material. Common airways include the laryngeal mask, supraglottic airway device, and endotracheal tube. |
Advanced Airways |
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Normal Breathing and Pulse Present? |
Same for adults and children Place them in the recovery position and monitor breathing |
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Normal breathing Gone: Pulse Present |
Adults: Perform rescue breathing; 1 breath every 5-6 seconds Kid/Baby: If pulse is 60 beats per minuter or greater perform rescue breathing; 1 breath every 3-5 seconds For both, check pulse every 2 minutes. |
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Normal Breathing Gone: Pulse Gone |
Adult: CPR 30:2 Kid/Baby: Single person 30:2, Two people 15:2 |
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In a mild obstruction (choking) what is the best thing we can do? |
With a mild blockage, a person can speak cough, or gag. The type of obstruction is typically cleared by the affected person naturally through forceful coughing. |
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When a severe blockage occurs, a person cannot take in enough air to dislodge the object. Looks like: little or no air exchange, the lack of sound, and inability to speak or cough forcefully. How do help? |
Repeated abdominal thrust, given by standing behind someone and wrapping your arms around him or her. Don't use blind finger sweeps. Inward and upward thrust. If they become unresponsive, begin CPR. |
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What do we do if there is a sever blockage in someone fat or pregnant? |
Use chest thrusts. Reach under the armpits and place the thumb side of your fist on the center of the chest. Grab your fist with your other hand and thrust straight backward. |
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How do we respond to infants choking? |
Lay infant down over your forearm with legs straddled and with head lower than the chest. Support the head by holding the jaw. Using heel of other hand, give 5 back blows between shoulder blades. Give 5 chest thrusts: Place 2 fingertips on breastbone just below nipple line. Repeat back and forth between back blows and chest thrusts. |
