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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A philosophy of imprisonment that promoted repentance through solitary confinement and prevented offenders from being corrupted by mixing with other offenders |
Pennsylvania system |
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Philosophy of imprisonment that emphasized labor and meditation. Offenders work everyday, but they did so in complete silence. |
Auburn system |
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The late 19th century Trend toward use of incarceration to reform through education |
Reformatory movement |
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A prison management approach that maintains order by agreement between inmates and staff on the validity of rules |
Consensual model |
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A prison drug treatment approach based on the notion that a person's attitudes, values, and self-esteem must change together with the targeted drug use behavior in order to create lasting change |
Therapeutic Community model |
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Works for the courts of a particular county or city, conduct investigations to assist the judge and sentencing, and supervises and monitors Juvenile and adult offenders in the community. |
Probation officer |
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A state employee, often with police Powers, responsible for supervising offenders after they are released from prison |
Parole officer |
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A state employee, sometimes with police Powers; enforces laws in jails and prisons and transports prisoners |
Corrections officer |
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Studies crime, criminals, and criminal Behavior; conducts , analyzes, reports, and applied research on crime and social policies relating to Crime, teaches courses in college, and provides investigative or forensic or prison Support Services |
Criminologist |
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It is generally agreed that the purpose of imprisonment is to serve as ________ for a crime |
Punishment |
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The average felony prison sentence |
5 years |
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Before the invention of prison ____________ was the primary method of punishment of criminals |
Corporal punishment |
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Although many people believe that prisons should not only punish offenders but also deter crime, the evidence shows that________ does not prevent offenders from committing further crimes upon release |
Imprisonment |
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__________observers have viewed inmate work favorably, but business people and labor organizations fear competition from cheap prison labor |
Nearly all |
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Are run by corporations, which are paid by States or the federal government to house offenders |
Private prisons |
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Prisons that have some facilities outside the main enclosure and are surrounded by two rolls of chain-link fence, topped with barbed wire |
Medium security |
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Prisons that house dangerous felons and that usually have a wall surrounding the entire facility |
Maximum security |
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Prison facilities that usually have no fences but have locking outside doors and electronic surveillance devices around the perimeter of the institution |
Minimum security |
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Medium Security Federal Correctional institutions |
Correctional institutions |
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Facilities operated by counties and municipalities to hold two main categories of inmates; those awaiting trial and those serving sentences of one year or less |
Jails |
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Maximum Security Federal Correctional institutions |
Penitentiaries |
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Federal jail facilities for pretrial detention and for those serving short sentences |
Metropolitan correctional centers (detention centers) |
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Prison management approach that gives inmates more autonomy; staff guides prisoners decision-making rather than making all decisions for them |
Responsibility model |
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Prison management approach characterized by strict enforcement of prison rules and few privileges for prisoners |
Control model |
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Ways to punish or place restrictions on offenders |
Sanctions |
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Released from incarceration after the offender has served the entire sentence without ever being granted parole or accumulating enough good time credits to justify early release |
Maxing out |
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A program similar to work release, in which an inmate attend school by day and returns to jail or prison at night |
Study release |
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Refers to the prisoner release decided by a parole board consisting of Corrections officials and / or political appointees who evaluate the inmates record and his or her behavior in prison to determine whether the inmate will be released to serve the remainder of a sentence under Community Supervision |
Parole release |
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Refers to the process by which more offenders end up being placed under supervision of the Criminal Justice System even though the intent of the program was to divert offenders out of the system |
Net widening |
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Refers to a program that permits eligible inmates to work during the day at regular jobs in the outside world, returning to the jail or prison at night |
Work release |
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Approach to criminal justice holding that sanctions should be more closely related to crime and that offenders should be punished in ways that neutralize their gain |
Authentic Justice |
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The criminal justice process that focuses on sanctions directed primarily at repairing the injury to the victim rather than focusing on the adversarial relationship between the government and the offender |
Restorative justice |
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Traditional approach to criminal justice that emphasizes the role of adversarial proceedings and the government and punishing the offenders for their past Acts as retribution and deterrence |
Retributive model of Justice |
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Refers to sanctions that are alternatives to incarceration in jail or prison (such as monetary penalties, probation, intensive supervision, and home confinement with electronic monitoring) or Supervision in the community after a sentence of incarceration has been served (such as parole, work release, furloughs, and halfway houses) |
Community Corrections |
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Sentences designed to provide more rigorous supervision than normal probation, yet something less expensive than incarceration |
Intermediate sanction |
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Most widely used form of Correctional Supervision in the United States |
Probation |
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Offenders who are sentenced to probation usually have conditions attached to their sentences. These conditions are designed to control the offender's present behavior and to change it in the future. If these conditions are not met, the offender's sentence of probation may be________ |
Revoked |
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Since 2000, the size of the parole population has _______ each year |
Increase |
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The Supreme Court ruled in_______, however, that it is constitutional to notify a community when a former sex offender lives there or moves into the area |
1995 |
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Notification of the community regarding the release of ________ appears to produce Panic rather than providing useful information, it probably compounded by out-of-date address information in state databases |
Sex offender |
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A form of restorative justice that usually takes the form of money, but it can also include returning property or performing services for the victim |
Restitution |
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Short-term, military style boot camps designed primarily for non-violent young offenders and featuring a military atmosphere and strict discipline |
Shock incarceration |
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A modification or reduction of a sentence imposed on an offender |
Commutation |
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A process providing a forum in which the offender and the victim meet in a neutral setting where they can ask questions, communicate feelings of anger or remorse, and discuss ways in which the balance of Justice can be restored in a fair and Equitable manner |
Mediation |
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A condition of probation or parole in which offenders are not permitted to leave their residences for purposes other than work, school, treatment, or other approved reasons |
House arrest |
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Probation or parole for which jurisdictions maintain small case loads, make frequent contact with offenders under supervision, and require special conditions such as random drug test, restitution to victims, electronic monitoring, or house arrest |
Intensive supervision |
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A prisoner's smooth transition from confinement to Freedom |
Prisoner reentry |
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Surveillance of offenders in the community by means of electronic devices such as radio and telephone transmitters |
Electronic monitoring |